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BioChem > Introduction To BioChem > Flashcards

Introduction To BioChem Flashcards

1
Q

What is Biochemistry

A

-study of structure, composition, and chemical reactions of chemical components of living systems

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2
Q

Additional Biochem meaning

A

structure, properties, functions, biochemical reactions of BIOMOLECULES

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3
Q

What is Organic Chemistry?

A

study of compounds with carbon and hydrogen and its derivaties

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4
Q

Type of Compounds in the Environment

A

Organic Compounds

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5
Q

The basic unit of life is?

A

Cell

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6
Q

What are the unique cell organelles in plant cells?

A

chloroplast, cell wall, plastid, vacuole

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7
Q

Unique Cell organelles in animal cell?

A

lysosomes and centrioles

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8
Q

What is the structure of the cell membrane?

A

it is a double membrane composed of LIPIDS and PROTEINS

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9
Q

Where can you find the cell membrane?

A

It is present on both plant and animal cell

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10
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

It provides SHAPE, PROTECT inner organelles, act as a SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE

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11
Q

What do you mean by selectively permeable membrane?

A

it only allows certain materials to enter and exits the cell

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12
Q

The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is also composed of

A

Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic part

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13
Q

what is the hydrophilic part of the lipid bilayer? where it is located

A

Head in the exterior part

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14
Q

what is the hydrophobic part of the lipid bilayer? where it is located

A

tail in the interior part

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15
Q

Does water enter the protein channel instead of the lipid bilayer? how and because

A

yes, through osmosis. it enters the protein channel so it can go inside the cell faster

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16
Q

proteins can serve as

A

channel of materials in the lipid bilayer

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17
Q

it is composed of centrioles

A

centrosomes

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18
Q

centrosomes are found in?

A

only in animal cell

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19
Q

what is the function of the centrosome?

A

It plays a great role in ORGANIZING MICROTUBULE and in CELL DIVISION

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20
Q

Structure of CHLOROPLASTS

A

contains green pigment known as chlorophyll

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21
Q

the green pigment in the chloroplasts is called

A

CHLOROPHYLL

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22
Q

Chloroplasts are found?

A

Only in the PLANT Cell

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23
Q

the function of chloroplast?

A

site of photosynthesis

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24
Q

What happened during photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide, water aided by light energy is converted to form glucose and oxygen gas

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25
Q

what is the cell part that absorbs the light energy needed in photosynthesis?

A

Chloropyll

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26
Q

Structure and composition of cytoplasm?

A

it is a jelly-like substance consisting of WATER, dissolved NUTRIENTS, and WASTE PRODUCT of the cell

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27
Q

Cytoplasm can be found

A

in BOTH ANIMAL AND PLANT cell

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28
Q

One of the chemical processes that happen in the cytoplasm? why?

A

GLYCOLYSIS, because the enzyme needed for the process of glycolysis is in the cytoplasm

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29
Q

Two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Smooth ER and Rough ER

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30
Q

strucure of Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

network of membranous tubules present in cytoplasm

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31
Q

ER is present in

A

BOTH ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL

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32
Q

GENERAL Functions of ER

A

SKELETAL FRAMEWORK for the cell, involved in DETOXIFICATION, and PRODUCTION OF LIPIDS AND PROTEINS

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33
Q

Difference between Smooth and Rough ER

A 
rough= with ribosomes
smooth= no ribosomes
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34
Q

Ribosomes

A

Responsible for the production of proteins, site of protein synthesis during TRANSLATION Process mRNA to protein

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35
Q

Smooth er is the

A

site of lipid synthesis and production of calcium ions

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36
Q

structure of Golgi apparatus

A

membrane-bound sac-like organelles suspended in the cytoplasm

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37
Q

location of Golgi Apparatus

A

CAN BE FOUND IN BOTH ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL

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38
Q

The function of Golgi Apparatus

A

INVOLVED in SECRETION and INTRACELLULAR Transport

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39
Q

What happened to the proteins formed by ER?

A

It is absorbed by Golgi apparatus for FURTHER MODIFICATION

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40
Q

Additional Functions of Golgi Apparatus?

A

It packages, sort, transport different biomolecules. It can also combine 2 biomolecules like GLYCOPROTEINS (C+P)

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41
Q

Structure of mitochondria?

A

oval-shaped membrane-bound organelle

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42
Q

The powerhouse of the cell?

A

Mitochondria

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43
Q

mitochondria are present

A

in both ANIMAL and PLANT cell

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44
Q

The function of mitochondria?

A

Site of cellular respiration, involved in storage of energy in the form of ATP Molecules

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45
Q

What happens to glucose for it to be used to make ATP?

A

it gets oxidized

46
Q

Electron Transport Chain is also called

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

47
Q

The structure of the nucleus?

A

the largest double membrane bound organelle in the cell, contains ALL THE GENETIC INFORMATION OF THE CELL

48
Q

LARGEST ORGANELLE OF THE CELL?

A

NUCLEUS

49
Q

nucleus is found

A

in BOTH ANIMAL and Plant Cell

50
Q

The function of Nucleus

A

CONTROLS THE ACTIVITY OF THE CELL, helps in CELL DIVISION, CONTROLS HEREDITARY CHARACTER

51
Q

Structure of PEROXISOME

A

membrane-bound organelle found in the cytoplasm, contains REDUCING ENZYMES

52
Q

the peroxisome is located on

A

BOTH ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL

53
Q

The function of peroxisome?

A

involved in the METABOLISM OF LIPIDS and CATABOLISSM OF LONG CHAIN OF FATTY ACID

54
Q

THE METABOLISM OF LIPIDS PRODUCES?

A

Hydrogen peroxide using the process of oxidation

55
Q

Three types of plastids?

A

leucoplast, chromoplast, chloroplast

55
Q

Three types of plastids?

A

leucoplast, chromoplast, chloroplast

55
Q

Three types of plastids?

A

leucoplast, chromoplast, chloroplast

56
Q

plastid can be found in

A

ONLY THE PLANT CELLS

57
Q

The function of Plastids?

A

HELPS in the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS and POLLINATION, impart COLOR FOR LEAVES, FLOWERS, FRUITS. STORE STARCH, PROTEIN, and FATS

58
Q

Leucoplast

A

COLORLESS PLASTIDS

59
Q

Chromoplasts

A

BLUE, RED, YELLOW plastids

60
Q

CHLOROPLAST

A

Green plastids

61
Q

Structure of Ribosomes?

A

NON MEMBRANE ORGANELLES, FLOATING FREELY IN THE CYTOPLASM OR EMBEDDED IN THE ROUGH ER

62
Q

RIBOSOMES IS FOUND IN

A

BOTH ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL

63
Q

function of ribosomes

A

Involved in PROTEIN Syntesis

64
Q

The structure of VACUOLES

A

membrane bound organelles, fluid filled organelle, found in cytoplasm

65
Q

vacuoles are found in

A

both plants and animals. commonly in plant cell only one big but small little in the animal cell

66
Q

the function of vacuoles?

A

provide SHAPE AND RIGIDITY to the PLANT CELL

Helps in DIGESTION, EXCRETION, And STORAGE OF SUBSTANCES

67
Q

In prokaryotic cell the dna is

A

present, but not separated from other parts of the cell

68
Q

cell membrane is also called

A

plasma membrane

69
Q

the enzymes for oxidation reaction in the prokaryotic cell is in the

A

plasma membrane

70
Q

in prokaryotic, if photosynthesis is present it is localized in?

A

localized in chromatophores, example is cyanobacteria

70
Q

in prokaryotic, if photosynthesis is present it is localized in?

A

localized in chromatophores, example is cyanobacteria

71
Q

Four biomolecules

A

carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins

72
Q

biomolecules are

A

molecules present in the organisms that are essential to one or more typically biological processes such as cell division morphogenesis or development

73
Q

_______ determine the reactions biomolecules

A

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

74
Q

the parts of the cell are

A

cell membrane, centrosomes, chloroplasts, cytoplasm, ER, GA, Mitochondria, nucleus, peroxisome, plastids, ribosomes, vacuoles, lysosomes

75
Q

Alkenes

A

EX. ETHENE, Double bond hydrocarbon

76
Q

ALCOHOLS

A

ROH, -OH,ETHANOL, Hydroxyl Group

77
Q

ETHERS

A

oxygen sa gitna ng hydrocarbon, ROR, Ether Group,METHOXYMETHANE

78
Q

AMINES

A

has primary secondary and tertiary depending by the amount of connected hydrocarbons in the NITROGEN, N plus 3 hydrocarbon, AMINO GROUP, methylamine

79
Q

THIOLS

A

RSH, SULFHYDRYL GROUP, methanethiol

80
Q

Aldehydes

A

R,H double bonded O, Carbonyl Group

81
Q

Ketones

A

RR Double bonded O, Carbonyl Group

82
Q

Carboxylic Aids

A

R, OH, Double bonded O, Carboxyl Group, acetic acid

83
Q

Esters

A

R,OR, double bonded O, Ester Group

84
Q

AMIDES

A

Present in proteins, R, Double bonded O (NHR, NH2, NR2) may carbonyl at nitrogen,amide group

85
Q

Phosphoric Acid Esters

A

PHOSPHORIC ESTER GROUP, R,O,P, 2 OH, Double bond O

86
Q

Phosphoric acids anhydride

A

Phosphoric anhydride group, R,O,P,O,P, 3 OH, 2 double bonded O

87
Q

monomer of proteins

A

Marcromolecules formed by amino acids

88
Q

function of proteins

A

help in metabolism by providing structural support, act as enzymes, carrier or hormones.

89
Q

functional group of proteins

A

amino (n terminus), carboxyl (c-terminus), amide(peptide bond)

90
Q

Carbohydrates are

A

carbon compounds that contains large amount of hydroxyl groups

91
Q

THE MOST ABUNDANT BIOMOLECULE IN EARTH?

A

CARBOHYDRATES

92
Q

Main function of carbohydrates

A

provide energy to the body

93
Q

Metabolism

A

glucose to energy (ATP Molecule)

93
Q

Metabolism

A

glucose to energy (ATP Molecule)

94
Q

monomer of carbohydrates

A

MONOSACCHARIDES

95
Q

Functional group of carbohydrates

A

HYDROXYL GROUP

96
Q

Monomers of nucleic acids

A

nucleotides

97
Q

nucleic acids are

A

chain of nucleotides that store the genetic information in biological systems

98
Q

nucleic acids can be found in

A

nucleus and cytoplasm

99
Q

common examples of nuclein acids

A

DNA AND RNA

100
Q

lipids is a biomolecule defined by

A

low solubility in water and high solubility in NON POLAR SOLVENTS

101
Q

is lipid a polymer? why?

A

NO, because it is a heterogeneous group of fats, waxes, oils, steroids

102
Q

lipids is mostly composed of

A

non polar hydrocarbon chains that are less soluble in water

103
Q

the basis of lipid classification is

A

the physical property not the chemical property

104
Q

Role of biochem in botany

A

helps to understand chemical aspects in plant life

105
Q

role of biochem in zoology

A

helps to understand chemical and metabolic processes in animal kingdom

106
Q

role of biochem in microbiology

A

determines the chemical and physical properties of microbial pathogen
dictate their habitat, control metabolic processes, and determine how they interact in the human body.

Development of drugs, determine enzyme involve in the growth of a pathogen and inhibit enzymatic activity

BioChem (2 decks)

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