WASTEWATER Flashcards
1
Q
Amended DAO 34/35, and it is also known as DAO 2016-08 WQG and GES
A
DENR Administrative Order 2016-08
2
Q
DAO 2016-08 covers the discussion and specification of
A
Water Quality Guidelines (WQG) and General Effluent Standards (GES)
of 2016
3
Q
required minimum water quality parameters to be monitored
for each water body.
A
Primary parameters
4
Q
other water quality parameters to be used in
baseline assessment as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment and other water
quality monitoring purposes
A
Secondary parameters
5
Q
DAO 2016-08 was ammended in _______ by ________
A
2021; DAO 2021-19
6
Q
The 2021 amendment partially amends the DAO by raising the standard values for ____________ for WQGs and GES.
A
six parameters, (NH3-N, boron, copper, fecal coliform,
phosphorus, and sulfate)
7
Q
Among all parameters, only ________ has the minimum value
A
Dissolved oxygen
8
Q
For groundwater, the WQG for freshwater is adopted except for
A
BOD and DO
9
Q
Discharges from any source must always conform to the
A
General Effluent Standards
10
Q
aims to protect the
country’s water bodies from pollution from land-based sources
A
Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (Republic Act No. 9275)
11
Q
Sources of WastewateR
A
Domestic
Industrial
Infiltration/Inflow
Stormwater
12
Q
extraneous water that enters the collection system through leaking joints,
cracks, and breaks.
A
Infiltration
13
Q
stormwater that enters the collection system from storm drain connections (catch
basins, roof leaders, foundation and basement drains, or through access port
A
Inflow
14
Q
domestic wastewater is also known as
A
sanitary wastewater
15
Q
Physical Characteristics of Wastewater
A
odor
color/appearance
temperature
weight
16
Q
Fresh sewage is ______ in color, while septic is _____ in color
A
gray; black
17
Q
Fresh, aerobic, domestic wastewater has the odor of
A
kerosene
18
Q
Aged-septic sewage has a rotten-egg odor because of
A
hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans.
19
Q
The temperature of wastewater normally ranges between
A
10-20 C
20
Q
One cubic meter of wastewater may weigh approximately ______, with _ g of solids;
A
1E6 GRAMS; 500
21
Q
amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms while
decomposing organic matter under aerobic conditions at a specified
temperature
A
BOD
22
Q
measured in a water sample during 5 days of incubation at 20˚C.
A
BOD5
23
Q
amount of oxygen equivalent of the organic matter that can be
oxidized by a strong chemical oxidizing agent (potassium dichromate) in an
acid medium.
A
COD
24
Q
In general, the COD of a waste will be __________than BOD
A
greater
25
It is the measure of the total organic and ammonia nitrogen in wastewater.
Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen (TKN)
26
measure of the availability of nitrogen for building cells, and the
potential nitrogenous oxygen demand that will have to be satisfied to meet
discharge standards that protect receiving bodies of water.
Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen (TKN)
27
These are the forms of phosphorus in wastewater.
orthophosphates, polyphosphates, and organic phosphate.
28
The pH
of all these wastes ranges from_________
6.5 to 8.5
29
Contaminated streams
Accidentally
Clean rainwater
Continuously contaminated
Sanitary wastewater
30
Types of collection systems
Sanitary Wastewater Collection Systems
Combined Wastewater and Stormwater Collection Systems
Stormwater Collection Systems
31
any
type of industrial, municipal, or agricultural waste (including heat) discharged into
water.
pollutants
32
For regulatory purposes, pollutants are grouped into three categories under the
NPDES program
conventional, toxic, and nonconventional.
33
The Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) has grouped the pollutants into three categories:
conventional pollutants, nonconventional pollutants, and priority pollutants
34
group of water pollutants that municipal sewage
treatment facilities are able to treat and remove.
conventional
35
While publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) and sewage treatment plants are
able to remove conventional pollutants from water, most are not able to remove
toxic/priority pollutants
36
Examples of toxic pollutants
metals, volatiles, dioxins, pesticides
37
Although some toxic and priority pollutants can originate from non-commercial
sources, most are exclusive to i
industrial processes
38
Other water pollutants that aren’t conventional, toxic or priority are grouped as
non conventional
39
example of nonconventional pollutants
chlorine, nh3, nitrogen, phosphorus, COD
40
characteristics like temperature, color, turbidity (how
clear or cloudy the water is), and odor of wastewater.
Physical properties of wastewater
41
This represents the total amount of carbon found in organic compounds in water. It
is a sum measure of all organic carbon, both oxidizable and non-oxidizable.
TOC (Total Organic Carbon)
42
This is the part of BOD that is more resistant to biological degradation and takes a
longer time to break down.
Hard BOD
43
This refers to the easily biodegradable part of BOD, which bacteria can quickly
decompose
Soft BOD
44
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS
Preliminary
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Advanced
45
prepares the wastewater for further treatment.
preliminary treatment
46
used to remove oily scum, floating debris, and grit, which may inhibit biological processes and/or damage mechanical equipment.
preliminary treatment
47
unit operations in preliminary treatment
screening, grit removal
48
The goal of this treatment is to remove solids through gravity settling.
primary treatment
49
Typically, domestic
wastewater is held for a period of approximately _______
2 HRS
50
unit operations in primary treatment
sedimentation
skimming
51
particulate materials in wastewater that have specific gravities of
approximately 2.65 and a temperature of 15.5 C.
grit
52
primarily removed to prevent abrasion of piping and mechanical
equipment during grit removal, some organic materials are removed along with the grit.
grit
53
The wastewater flows into primary settling tanks where gravity allows
suspended solids (organic and inorganic) to settle to the bottom as sludge, and fats, oils, and
grease to rise to the surface as scum
Sedimentation
54
removed from the surface of the settling tanks using mechanical
skimmers.
scum
55
The wastewater that exits the primary clarifier has lost a significant amount of the
particulate matter it contained, but it still has a high demand for oxygen due to an abundance
of dissolved organic matter
Secondary treatment
56
Two Basic Approaches to Biological Treatment
Activated Sludge Process
Trickling Filters
57
wastewater is aerated in aeration tanks, providing
oxygen for aerobic microorganisms to metabolize organic pollutants.
Activated sludge process
58
e biological treatment units that consist of a bed of inert media
(such as rocks or plastic) over which wastewater trickles.
trickling filters
59
further purifies the effluent from secondary treatment to remove
remaining contaminants.
tertiary treatment
60
unit operations under tertiary treatment
filtration
disinfection
chemical treatment
61
The effluent from secondary treatment processes is
typically passed through various filtration media, such as
sand, anthracite coal, or
synthetic materials like membrane
61
This aims at removing remaining suspended solids, fine particles, and residual
organic matter from the effluent.
filtration
61
This is the final step before flow measurement and discharge to the receiving water.
disinfection
62
Its purpose is to ensure removal of pathogenic organisms
disinfection
63
Examples of advanced treatment
membrane filtration, reverse osmosis, or
activated carbon adsorption
64
can be employed for specific contaminants or to meet stringent
water quality standards.
Advanced treatment processes
65
s a treatment process that reduces the biological activity and
pathogenicity of sewage sludge, making it safer for disposal or beneficial reuse.
Sludge Stabilization
66
Sludge is thickened using gravity or mechanical means to remove water, reducing
its volume.
Thickening
67
Sludge is treated in _________ where bacteria break down organic matter,
producing _________ and further reducing the volume of sludge.
anaerobic digesters; methane gas
68
After stabilization, solids are typically __________ before disposal
dewatered
69
generally the final method of volume reduction before ultimate disposal.
dewatering
70
____________ is the process of removing water from digested sludge to produce a semi-solid material called
____________
dewatering; biosolids
71
are the treated and stabilized organic solids derived from sewage sludge,
commonly used in agriculture, landscaping, or energy recovery.
biosolids
72
temporary storage facility for untreated
wastewater before it undergoes further treatment processes
holding tanks
73
Holding tanks are typically used in
situations where the ____________
incoming flow rate exceeds the treatment capacity of the plant
74
Common locations of holding tanks
Influent pumping station
Preliminary treatment stage
Secondary treatment stage
Tertiary treatment stage
Emergency overflow
75
Classification of Screens
Coarse Screens (Bar Racks)
Fine screens
Microscreens
76
Methods of coarse solid reduction
comminutors
Macerators
Grinders
77
They are slow-speed grinders that typically consist of two sets of
counterrotating assemblies with blades.
macerators
78
They are used most commonly in small wastewater treatment plants,
less than 0.2 m3/s (5 Mgal/d). These installed in a wastewater flow channel to screen
and shred material to sizes from 6 to 20 mm (0.25 to 0.77 in.) without
removing the shredded solids from the flow stream.
Communitors
79
High-speed grinders, typically referred to as ____________, receive
screened materials from bar screens.
hammermills
80
Types of Biological Processes for Wastewater treatment
Suspended Growth Processes
Attached Growth Process
81
Types of Aeration System
Diffused-Air Aeration
Mechanical Aerators
82
Types of filtration
Granular Filtration
Membrane Filtration
83
Chemical Unit Processes
Chemical coagulation and flocculation
Phosphorus and nitrogen removal
Heavy Metal Precipitation
Chemical Neutralization
84
process of removing excess acidity or alkalinity by
treating with a chemical of the opposite composition
neutralization
85
Principal chemicals for phosphorus removal include
aluminum (Al(III)),
ferric iron (Fe(III)), ferrous iron (Fe(II)), and calcium (Ca(II)).
86
characteristics of colloidal particles
particle size and number
particle shape and flexibility
particle-solvent interaction
87
Colloidal particles in wastewater
typically range from ___________
0.01 to 1 mm
88
create larger particles that can be removed
via gravity sedimentation or filtration
flocculation
89
chemicals added to destabilize particles
coagulants
90
destabilization of colloidal particles
in wastewater, leading to the formation of larger particles through
perikinetic flocculation.
coagulation
91
Injected into the wastewater by automated feeding systems.
Wastewater then flows into a basin, where it is held for about _____________
to allow the chlorine to react with the pathogens.
chlorine; 15 mins
92
The typical BOD is approximately
20 to 50 mg/L
93
highly efficient for removal of biodegradable colloidal and soluble organics.
Secondary treatment processes
94
The method is by: (1) introducing air or pure
oxygen into wastewater with submerged diffusers, (2) agitate the
wastewater mechanically to promote solution of air.
Diffused-Air Aeration
95
aerators with vertical axis and aerators with
horizontal axis.
Mechanical aerators
96
Represent a prevalent aerobic attached growth
process, where wastewater is distributed over nonsubmerged
packing material.
trickling filters
97
processes entail the attachment of
microorganisms to inert packing materials, forming a biofilm.
Attached growth processes
98
Mechanical equipment facilitates mixing and oxygen transfer in
the aeration tank, where influent wastewater interacts with
microbial suspension, known as
mixed liquor suspended solids
(MLSS) or mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS).
99
recycled to the aeration tank for continued
biodegradation, while excess biomass is periodically removed to
prevent accumulation.
activated sludge
100
microorganisms essential for
wastewater treatment are kept in liquid suspension through
appropriate mixing methods
suspended growth processes
101
Used to separate solid or liquid particles from a liquid phase. Separation is
brought about by introducing fine gas (usually air) bubbles into the liquid phase.
flotation
102
Air bubbles are added to cause and form by:
injection of air while liquid is under pressure, then pressure is released
aeration at atmospheric pressure
103
Efficiently designed and operated, from _____________of the suspended solids and
from ______________of the BOD can be removed by primary sedimentation tanks.
50 to 70 percent ; 25 to 40 percent
