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INWAMAN > WASTEWATER > Flashcards

WASTEWATER Flashcards

1
Q

Amended DAO 34/35, and it is also known as DAO 2016-08 WQG and GES

A

DENR Administrative Order 2016-08

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2
Q

DAO 2016-08 covers the discussion and specification of

A

Water Quality Guidelines (WQG) and General Effluent Standards (GES)
of 2016

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3
Q

required minimum water quality parameters to be monitored
for each water body.

A

Primary parameters

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4
Q

other water quality parameters to be used in
baseline assessment as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment and other water
quality monitoring purposes

A

Secondary parameters

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5
Q

DAO 2016-08 was ammended in _______ by ________

A

2021; DAO 2021-19

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6
Q

The 2021 amendment partially amends the DAO by raising the standard values for ____________ for WQGs and GES.

A

six parameters, (NH3-N, boron, copper, fecal coliform,
phosphorus, and sulfate)

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7
Q

Among all parameters, only ________ has the minimum value

A

Dissolved oxygen

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8
Q

For groundwater, the WQG for freshwater is adopted except for

A

BOD and DO

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9
Q

Discharges from any source must always conform to the

A

General Effluent Standards

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10
Q

aims to protect the
country’s water bodies from pollution from land-based sources

A

Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (Republic Act No. 9275)

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11
Q

Sources of WastewateR

A

Domestic
Industrial
Infiltration/Inflow
Stormwater

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12
Q

extraneous water that enters the collection system through leaking joints,
cracks, and breaks.

A

Infiltration

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13
Q

stormwater that enters the collection system from storm drain connections (catch
basins, roof leaders, foundation and basement drains, or through access port

A

Inflow

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14
Q

domestic wastewater is also known as

A

sanitary wastewater

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15
Q

Physical Characteristics of Wastewater

A

odor
color/appearance
temperature
weight

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16
Q

Fresh sewage is ______ in color, while septic is _____ in color

A

gray; black

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17
Q

Fresh, aerobic, domestic wastewater has the odor of

A

kerosene

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18
Q

Aged-septic sewage has a rotten-egg odor because of

A

hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans.

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19
Q

The temperature of wastewater normally ranges between

A

10-20 C

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20
Q

One cubic meter of wastewater may weigh approximately ______, with _ g of solids;

A

1E6 GRAMS; 500

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21
Q

amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms while
decomposing organic matter under aerobic conditions at a specified
temperature

A

BOD

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22
Q

measured in a water sample during 5 days of incubation at 20˚C.

A

BOD5

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23
Q

amount of oxygen equivalent of the organic matter that can be
oxidized by a strong chemical oxidizing agent (potassium dichromate) in an
acid medium.

A

COD

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24
Q

In general, the COD of a waste will be __________than BOD

A

greater

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25
Q

It is the measure of the total organic and ammonia nitrogen in wastewater.

A

Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen (TKN)

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26
Q

measure of the availability of nitrogen for building cells, and the
potential nitrogenous oxygen demand that will have to be satisfied to meet
discharge standards that protect receiving bodies of water.

A

Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen (TKN)

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27
Q

These are the forms of phosphorus in wastewater.

A

orthophosphates, polyphosphates, and organic phosphate.

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28
Q

The pH
of all these wastes ranges from_________

A

6.5 to 8.5

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29
Q

Contaminated streams

A

Accidentally
Clean rainwater
Continuously contaminated
Sanitary wastewater

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30
Q

Types of collection systems

A

Sanitary Wastewater Collection Systems
Combined Wastewater and Stormwater Collection Systems
Stormwater Collection Systems

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31
Q

any
type of industrial, municipal, or agricultural waste (including heat) discharged into
water.

A

pollutants

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32
Q

For regulatory purposes, pollutants are grouped into three categories under the
NPDES program

A

conventional, toxic, and nonconventional.

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33
Q

The Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) has grouped the pollutants into three categories:

A

conventional pollutants, nonconventional pollutants, and priority pollutants

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34
Q

group of water pollutants that municipal sewage
treatment facilities are able to treat and remove.

A

conventional

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35
Q

While publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) and sewage treatment plants are
able to remove conventional pollutants from water, most are not able to remove

A

toxic/priority pollutants

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36
Q

Examples of toxic pollutants

A

metals, volatiles, dioxins, pesticides

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37
Q

Although some toxic and priority pollutants can originate from non-commercial
sources, most are exclusive to i

A

industrial processes

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38
Q

Other water pollutants that aren’t conventional, toxic or priority are grouped as

A

non conventional

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39
Q

example of nonconventional pollutants

A

chlorine, nh3, nitrogen, phosphorus, COD

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40
Q

characteristics like temperature, color, turbidity (how
clear or cloudy the water is), and odor of wastewater.

A

Physical properties of wastewater

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41
Q

This represents the total amount of carbon found in organic compounds in water. It
is a sum measure of all organic carbon, both oxidizable and non-oxidizable.

A

TOC (Total Organic Carbon)

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42
Q

This is the part of BOD that is more resistant to biological degradation and takes a
longer time to break down.

A

Hard BOD

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43
Q

This refers to the easily biodegradable part of BOD, which bacteria can quickly
decompose

A

Soft BOD

44
Q

WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS

A

Preliminary
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Advanced

45
Q

prepares the wastewater for further treatment.

A

preliminary treatment

46
Q

used to remove oily scum, floating debris, and grit, which may inhibit biological processes and/or damage mechanical equipment.

A

preliminary treatment

47
Q

unit operations in preliminary treatment

A

screening, grit removal

48
Q

The goal of this treatment is to remove solids through gravity settling.

A

primary treatment

49
Q

Typically, domestic
wastewater is held for a period of approximately _______

A

2 HRS

50
Q

unit operations in primary treatment

A

sedimentation
skimming

51
Q

particulate materials in wastewater that have specific gravities of
approximately 2.65 and a temperature of 15.5 C.

A

grit

52
Q

primarily removed to prevent abrasion of piping and mechanical
equipment during grit removal, some organic materials are removed along with the grit.

A

grit

53
Q

The wastewater flows into primary settling tanks where gravity allows
suspended solids (organic and inorganic) to settle to the bottom as sludge, and fats, oils, and
grease to rise to the surface as scum

A

Sedimentation

54
Q

removed from the surface of the settling tanks using mechanical
skimmers.

A

scum

55
Q

The wastewater that exits the primary clarifier has lost a significant amount of the
particulate matter it contained, but it still has a high demand for oxygen due to an abundance
of dissolved organic matter

A

Secondary treatment

56
Q

Two Basic Approaches to Biological Treatment

A

Activated Sludge Process
Trickling Filters

57
Q

wastewater is aerated in aeration tanks, providing
oxygen for aerobic microorganisms to metabolize organic pollutants.

A

Activated sludge process

58
Q

e biological treatment units that consist of a bed of inert media
(such as rocks or plastic) over which wastewater trickles.

A

trickling filters

59
Q

further purifies the effluent from secondary treatment to remove
remaining contaminants.

A

tertiary treatment

60
Q

unit operations under tertiary treatment

A

filtration
disinfection
chemical treatment

61
Q

The effluent from secondary treatment processes is
typically passed through various filtration media, such as

A

sand, anthracite coal, or
synthetic materials like membrane

61
Q

This aims at removing remaining suspended solids, fine particles, and residual
organic matter from the effluent.

A

filtration

61
Q

This is the final step before flow measurement and discharge to the receiving water.

A

disinfection

62
Q

Its purpose is to ensure removal of pathogenic organisms

A

disinfection

63
Q

Examples of advanced treatment

A

membrane filtration, reverse osmosis, or
activated carbon adsorption

64
Q

can be employed for specific contaminants or to meet stringent
water quality standards.

A

Advanced treatment processes

65
Q

s a treatment process that reduces the biological activity and
pathogenicity of sewage sludge, making it safer for disposal or beneficial reuse.

A

Sludge Stabilization

66
Q

Sludge is thickened using gravity or mechanical means to remove water, reducing
its volume.

A

Thickening

67
Q

Sludge is treated in _________ where bacteria break down organic matter,
producing _________ and further reducing the volume of sludge.

A

anaerobic digesters; methane gas

68
Q

After stabilization, solids are typically __________ before disposal

A

dewatered

69
Q

generally the final method of volume reduction before ultimate disposal.

A

dewatering

70
Q

____________ is the process of removing water from digested sludge to produce a semi-solid material called
____________

A

dewatering; biosolids

71
Q

are the treated and stabilized organic solids derived from sewage sludge,
commonly used in agriculture, landscaping, or energy recovery.

A

biosolids

72
Q

temporary storage facility for untreated
wastewater before it undergoes further treatment processes

A

holding tanks

73
Q

Holding tanks are typically used in
situations where the ____________

A

incoming flow rate exceeds the treatment capacity of the plant

74
Q

Common locations of holding tanks

A

Influent pumping station
Preliminary treatment stage
Secondary treatment stage
Tertiary treatment stage
Emergency overflow

75
Q

Classification of Screens

A

Coarse Screens (Bar Racks)
Fine screens
Microscreens

76
Q

Methods of coarse solid reduction

A

comminutors
Macerators
Grinders

77
Q

They are slow-speed grinders that typically consist of two sets of
counterrotating assemblies with blades.

A

macerators

78
Q

They are used most commonly in small wastewater treatment plants,
less than 0.2 m3/s (5 Mgal/d). These installed in a wastewater flow channel to screen
and shred material to sizes from 6 to 20 mm (0.25 to 0.77 in.) without
removing the shredded solids from the flow stream.

A

Communitors

79
Q

High-speed grinders, typically referred to as ____________, receive
screened materials from bar screens.

A

hammermills

80
Q

Types of Biological Processes for Wastewater treatment

A

Suspended Growth Processes
Attached Growth Process

81
Q

Types of Aeration System

A

Diffused-Air Aeration
Mechanical Aerators

82
Q

Types of filtration

A

Granular Filtration
Membrane Filtration

83
Q

Chemical Unit Processes

A

Chemical coagulation and flocculation
Phosphorus and nitrogen removal
Heavy Metal Precipitation
Chemical Neutralization

84
Q

process of removing excess acidity or alkalinity by
treating with a chemical of the opposite composition

A

neutralization

85
Q

Principal chemicals for phosphorus removal include

A

aluminum (Al(III)),
ferric iron (Fe(III)), ferrous iron (Fe(II)), and calcium (Ca(II)).

86
Q

characteristics of colloidal particles

A

particle size and number
particle shape and flexibility
particle-solvent interaction

87
Q

Colloidal particles in wastewater
typically range from ___________

A

0.01 to 1 mm

88
Q

create larger particles that can be removed
via gravity sedimentation or filtration

A

flocculation

89
Q

chemicals added to destabilize particles

A

coagulants

90
Q

destabilization of colloidal particles
in wastewater, leading to the formation of larger particles through
perikinetic flocculation.

A

coagulation

91
Q

Injected into the wastewater by automated feeding systems.
Wastewater then flows into a basin, where it is held for about _____________
to allow the chlorine to react with the pathogens.

A

chlorine; 15 mins

92
Q

The typical BOD is approximately

A

20 to 50 mg/L

93
Q

highly efficient for removal of biodegradable colloidal and soluble organics.

A

Secondary treatment processes

94
Q

The method is by: (1) introducing air or pure
oxygen into wastewater with submerged diffusers, (2) agitate the
wastewater mechanically to promote solution of air.

A

Diffused-Air Aeration

95
Q

aerators with vertical axis and aerators with
horizontal axis.

A

Mechanical aerators

96
Q

Represent a prevalent aerobic attached growth
process, where wastewater is distributed over nonsubmerged
packing material.

A

trickling filters

97
Q

processes entail the attachment of
microorganisms to inert packing materials, forming a biofilm.

A

Attached growth processes

98
Q

Mechanical equipment facilitates mixing and oxygen transfer in
the aeration tank, where influent wastewater interacts with
microbial suspension, known as

A

mixed liquor suspended solids
(MLSS) or mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS).

99
Q

recycled to the aeration tank for continued
biodegradation, while excess biomass is periodically removed to
prevent accumulation.

A

activated sludge

100
Q

microorganisms essential for
wastewater treatment are kept in liquid suspension through
appropriate mixing methods

A

suspended growth processes

101
Q

Used to separate solid or liquid particles from a liquid phase. Separation is
brought about by introducing fine gas (usually air) bubbles into the liquid phase.

A

flotation

102
Q

Air bubbles are added to cause and form by:

A

injection of air while liquid is under pressure, then pressure is released
aeration at atmospheric pressure

103
Q

Efficiently designed and operated, from _____________of the suspended solids and
from ______________of the BOD can be removed by primary sedimentation tanks.

A

50 to 70 percent ; 25 to 40 percent

INWAMAN (2 decks)

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