Wastes And removal

Question 0

Deamination

Answer 0

Removal of nitrogen groups in amino acids

Question 1

What is the excretory system responsible for?

Answer 1

Maintaining water balance, ion concentrations and waste removal in vertebrate animals

Question 2

Amino acids can form

Answer 2

Glucose and ammonia (nitrogenous waste

Question 3

Ways of getting rid of waste

Answer 3

1. NH3- (must remove huge amounts of water) eg. Fish

2. Urea- (It needs a lot less water) (requires energy to s it

Question 4

What animals make uric acid

Answer 4

Reptiles and birds

Question 5

Uris acid (limited water available)

Answer 5

• less toxic than urea or ammonia, and is INSOLUBLE

- requires twice as much energy t convert ammonia to Uris acid

Question 6

Urea

Answer 6

• less toxic than ammonia
• requires energy t convert ammonia toured
• humans and most mammals

Question 7

Ammonia (lots of water available)

Answer 7

Toxic

- can be converted to less toxic forms

Question 8

Kidneys roles

Answer 8

• filter blood, remove wastes
• produce urine,
• excrete hormones, vitamins and excess salts
• maintain pH of blood

Question 9

Structure of kidneys

Answer 9

Medulla: second layer of kidneys- NEPHRONS
Cortex: outer layer of kidney, contains glomerulus

Question 10

What is the nephron made up of

Answer 10

Long slender tubes where urine is produced, made up of glomerulus, bowman s capsule and loop of Henle

Question 11

Glomerulus

Answer 11

Capillary network where fluid is filtered from capillaries under high pressure

Question 12

Bowmans capsule

Answer 12

Blood filtering unit surrounding the glomeruli, collects fluid for more selective processing
End up with water, glucose

Question 13

Urine formation

Answer 13

1. Filtration
   Reabsorption
   Secretion

Question 14

Filtration

Answer 14

Occurs in bow and capsule

• blood pressure forces water and solutes (glucose, sodium, urea) from glomerus into bowmans capsule
• filtered because blood cells, large proteins and large solutes remain in the blood

Question 15

Reabsorption

Answer 15

Occurs in tubular sections of the nephron

• proximal tube selectively reabsorption glucose, salts, ions by diffusion or active transport
• loops of Henle reabsorption much more water

Question 16

Secretion

Answer 16

Occurs in the opposite direction to reabsorption

- material from blood, (ions, uric acid and foreign substances like some drugs) enter the filtrate

Question 17

Urine

Answer 17

Is the fluid that is left after secretion

Question 18

Where is urine stored

Answer 18

In the bladder

Question 19

ADH

Answer 19

Antidiuretic Hormone. uses the collecting tubules to reabsorption more water,

• the amount of ADH I the body determines how much water is lost by the body
• if an organisms water output is more than water input, then dehydration can occur

Question 20

Water inputs

Answer 20

Free water
Metabolic water (cellular respiration)
Food (seeds, plants

Question 21

Water outputs

Answer 21

Urine
Sweat
Milk production
Faeces
Exhaled air