waste to chemicals (9)

Question 1

Why biomass is a good replacement for fossil?

Answer 1

Biomass is renewable
Reduced carbon emissions (lower carbon footprint),
Waste reduction (turning waste into valuable energy or products)

Question 2

Name 3 possible biomass feedstocks.

Answer 2

starch, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, oil

Question 3

What is firstly obtained from biomass feedstocks?

Answer 3

biobased Syn Gas, sugars

Question 4

What is syngas (synthesis gas)? How is it produced?

Answer 4

is a mixture of gases primarily composed of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H₂).
Its produced by gasifying carbon-containing materials, such as coal, natural gas, biomass, or waste

Question 5

What is methanol mainly produced of?

Answer 5

syngas

Question 6

What does lignocellulose biomass consists of?
(of what complex polymers)

Answer 6

cellulose (made of glucose), hemicellulose (glue between cellulose and lignin), lignin

Question 7

How doe we pretreat LC biomass? What do we use for it?

Answer 7

various separation methods are used to separate the different components, especially lignin:
1) using alkali solutions (to break down the biomass structure),
2) organic solvents (to dissolve lignin and other components),
3) ionic liquid(to dissolve the biomass).

after that pristine lignin is separated from the components
to refine lignin further, organic solvent fractionation is used (to break it down to smaller parts), acidification and filtration.

Question 8

What are platform chemicals?

Answer 8

= serve as a substrate for the production of various other higher value-added product

Question 9

How ethanol is produced from biomass?

Answer 9

1) Break down complex biomass into simple sugars
2) fermentation: Add yeast to convert the sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
3) Heat the mixture to separate ethanol from water and purify it (Distillation)
4) Dehydration