renewable to energy and fuel

Question 1

What products we can get from valorization of triglycerides feedstock?

Answer 1

By valorizing fats, oils, waste cooking oils we can get: biodiesel (by transesterification) gasoline and diesel (by pyrolysis) syngas (by gasification) BIOFUELS
Also from triglycerides we can get glycerol and fatty acids. (BIOCHEMICALS)

Question 2

What products we can get from valorization of sugar and starch?

Answer 2

Ethanol
Sugars are fermented by yeast to produce ethanol.
Starch is enzymatically hydrolyzed to glucose, which is then fermented into ethanol
Anaerobic digestion of residual sugars and starches can produce biogas, a mixture of methane and CO₂.
Lactic acid, citric acid, amino acids (by fermentation)
Biocehmicals production, like organic acids(lactic acid)

Question 3

What products we can get from valorization of lignocellulosic feedstock? (wood, straw, grasses)

Answer 3

Ethanol- Cellulose and hemicellulose are hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars, which are then converted into ethanol via fermentation.
Biogas: Anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic feedstock or fermentation residues produces methane-rich biogas for energy use.
Syngas: by gasifying lignocellulosic biomass
Other biochemicals, like furfural; polymers production.

Question 4

Define fermentation process

Answer 4

Product of the process- bioethanol
Hydrolysis for starch: since its composed of glucose, fermenting starch requires acid hydrolysis (like using sulfuric acid) to break down starch into glucose.
Lignocellulosic Sugars often need hydrolysis (acid or enzymatic) due to their complex structure (cellulose and hemicellulose)

Question 5

What is incineration?

Answer 5

It is a method used to dispose of solid, liquid, or gaseous waste by burning it at high temperatures, often converting it into ash, flue gas, and heat.

Question 6

What is syngas? How is it produced?

Answer 6

Synthesis gas (CO+H2).
It is a method used to dispose of solid, liquid, or gaseous waste by burning it at high temperatures, often converting it into ash, flue gas, and heat.
1. Gasification- solid/liqui(coal, biomass) into syngas
2. Steam reforming- natural gas or biogas to syngas
3. Partial oxidation-using oxygen hydrocarbons like liquid fuels, natural gas are converted directly into syngas.