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Waste management Flashcards

1
Q

What did RA 9003 define solid waste management (SWM) as?

A

The discipline concerned with the control of the generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing, and disposal of solid waste in the interest of protecting public health and the environment

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2
Q

What are the six elements/steps of solid waste management

A

Generation
Storage
Collection
Transport
Processing
Disposal

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3
Q

What is Generation is SWM?

A

The amount and characteristics of solid waste generated are dependent on what products there are

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4
Q

What is the relationship of waste generation to the environment?

A

When waste generation increases, environmental and health risks also increase

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5
Q

What is the best way to reduce waste generation?

A

The best strategy is to reduce at the source, or source reduction
Find ways to minimize our waste, whether it’s refusing to buy single-use products, buying in bulk, reusing items, or consuming fewer products

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6
Q

How is storage related to waste management

A

Waste must be stored and it should be segregated by categories (compostables, dry paper, recyclables, and other waste)

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7
Q

Why is storage necessary for waste management

A

Segregation smooths out the process of recovery and preservation of resources
Improper segregation can lead to some types of waste no longer being classified as recyclable

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8
Q

How is collection related to waste management

A

The waste collection involves gathering these from the storage sources for transport to recycling facilities or disposal sites (Garbage collectors collecting wastes from our household)

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9
Q

How is transport related to waste management

A

Waste is typically transported to a processing or disposal site
The steps of collection and transport can take up a significant portion of implementing a SWM system.

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10
Q

How is processing related to solid waste management

A

Processing refers to the potential recovery of resources at recycling plants.
This step improves efficiency as it can divert some potion of recoverable waste away from the total waste to be disposed

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11
Q

Where can the processing of waste happen

A

It can start at home where we recover reusable materials but it mostly happens in recycling/processing plants

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12
Q

How is disposal related to solid waste management

A

appropriate disposal sites are considered and are decided upon through consideration of factors such as economy, availability of technology, and potential environmental impacts

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13
Q

What are commonly available methods for solid waste disposal

A

Open Dumpsites
Sanitary Landfills
Controlled dumpsites
Incinerators
Recycle Parks

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14
Q

What is an open dumpsite

A

It is one of the oldest methods for disposal
Cost-effective but highly unsanitary (Payatas Dumpsite)
Banned in most developed countries

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15
Q

What is a sanitary landfill

A

It is the most acceptable way to dispose of trash
It has the highest cost compared to the other dumping methods

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16
Q

What are controlled dumps

A

A compromise between open dumps and sanitary landfills
Fenced off the area and used cover material to bury waste

17
Q

What are incinerators

A

Burning waste can reduce waste volume but produces ash (pollution)
RA 8749 prohibited incinerators in the country

18
Q

What are recycling parks

A

Designed to divert as much waste as possible consciously
Involve the community in finding ways to repair, reuse, and recycle
Tries to remove the image of a dirty sector and frame SWM as a green job

19
Q

What is the solid waste management hierarchy

A

An inverted pyramid and promotes an integrated approach to waste management and wise use of resources

20
Q

What are the 6 aspects of the SWM hierarchy?

A

Avoidance/Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Recovery
Treatment
Disposal/Landfill

21
Q

Why is avoiding the most important

A

Source reduction is the priority
When we reduce our consumption, we reduce the waste we produce
Avoid by refusing

22
Q

Why is reuse the second-best option

A

We can use materials again with no further processing (reusing bags, repairing equipment, selling/donating)
It keeps materials in the productive economy and decreases the need for the extraction of new materials

23
Q

Why is recycling the third-best option

A

Proces of collecting used goods for extracting and reprocessing raw materials
New goods are made
Reduces the need to extract raw materials, but energy is still used to produce new goods

24
Q

Why is recovery the fourth-best option

A

Recovery refers to composting biodegradable waste and using it as a soil conditioner
effective use of material since it recovers back healthier soils while reducing the remaining waste

25
Q

Why is Treating the fifth-best option

A

Treatment can refer to energy recovery or disinfection of waste
Energy recovery uses waste-to-energy systems
It can undergo incineration, pyrolysis, and bio-digesters (contribute to pollution)

26
Q

Why is disposing of the least favored option in the SWM hierarchy

A

The least preferred strategy: is unsustainable, and promotes a linear view of the waste stream (cradle-to-grave instead of cradle-to-cradle)
When prior strategies are done effectively, the portion of the waste left in the end will be significantly smaller reducing negative impacts

27
Q

What is RA 8749

A

It bans incineration but exempts traditional small-scale methods of burning (siga) and traditional practices (agricultural, food, cremation, cultural)
Local governments are also mandated to implement SWM (waste segregation, recycling, and composting)

28
Q

What is RA 9003

A

It is grounded on the principles of maximizing resource recovery, waste avoidance, and volume reduction
Seeks strategies to strengthen integration of SWM into academic curricula

29
Q

What can be seen in RA 9003

A

Establishes SWM Boards on provincial, city, and municipal levels
Open dumps are set for closure and phase-out and standards are set for storage, collection, and transport of waste
Materials Recovery Facilities (MCF) are also established in every barangay

30
Q

RA 11898

A

Producers must produce products that are made according to internationally accepted principles of sustainable consumption and production and the circular economy.

31
Q

What is the focus of a circular economy

A

An economic model of creating value by extending product lifespan through improved design and servicing, and minimizing waste. It is seen as an almost closed “loop”

32
Q

What is a circular economy

A

Moving from cradle-to-grave (linear) to cradle-to-cradle (circular)
Considers not only how the product is made but also used and by whom

33
Q

What are the two kinds of material flow

A

Biological and Technical: Combining contaminants, making materials unsalvageable

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