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Washington Flashcards

1
Q

What is USA’s second largest wine producing state?

A

Washington

~5% of doemestic production

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2
Q

What percentage of California’s wine comes out of Napa?

A

~4%

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3
Q

Name three labels owned by Ste Michelle Wine Estates

A 
Chateau Ste Michelle
Columbia Crest
Erath
Col Solare
Patz and Hall
Stag's Leap Wine Cellars
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4
Q

What percentage of Washington’s production is made by a Ste Michelle owned estate?

A

nearly 60%

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5
Q

who is the world’s largest producer of Riesling?

A

Ste Michelle Wine Estates

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6
Q

Aside from Ste Michelle, name three major players in Washington state.

A

Hogue Cellars
Hedges Family Estate
K Vintners
Gallo

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7
Q

What mountians create the rainshadow over eastern washington?

A

The Cascades

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8
Q

What is the general climate of eastern Washington?

A

arid continental
strong diurnal swing averaging a difference of 28º F between day and night, but can be as much as 40º in lower lying areas

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9
Q

How many inches of rain does Yakima Valley typically receive annually?

A

8 inches

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10
Q

What mountain range is to the north and east of the Columbia Basin?

A

The Rockies

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11
Q

What direction the ridgelines of the Columbia Basin run?

A

east-west

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12
Q

What anticlines and synclines?

A

Anticline: ridgeline
Syncline: the valley between two ridgelines

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13
Q

How high can anticlines and synclines in the Columbia Basin go up?

A

Anticlines can be up to 4,000 ft

Synclines rarey higher than 1,000 ft

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14
Q

What is the ridged area of Columbia Basin known as?

A

Yakima Fold Belt

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15
Q

Where is it coldest in the Columbia Basin?

A

lower elevations as cold air is bottlenecks in the valleys/synclines

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16
Q

Above what elevation are most eastern Washington vineyards planted?

A

Above 1,000 feet.

Below that there is frost pressure, fewer degree days and warmer temps

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17
Q

What are the warmest AVAs in Washington? Why?

A

Red Mountain AVA
Wahluke Slope AVA
Horse Heaven Hills AVA
They’re all on the south side of anticlinal ridges, so both elevation and aspect maximize sunshine

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18
Q

Name a couple techniques used as “insurance” against harsh winter frost in Washington.

A

Dual-trunk training

Buried canes over the winter

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19
Q

What disease are vines especially prone to after a hard winter freeze?

A

Crown gall

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20
Q

What two geologic events have shaped the Columbia Basin’s bedrock?

A

17-6 Million years ago: Intense volcanic activity

12-18k years ago: Missoula floods

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21
Q

Where is Lake Missoula and why did it flood?

A

It is a glacial lake in Montana. It was once dammed by a glacial ice sheet that was melting towards the end of the ice age. When the ice broke and the dam became overwhelmed, huge floods raced across WA.

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22
Q

How was the Wallula Gap formed?

A

It was a water gap in the basalt that became a channel through which the Missoula floods flow westward.

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23
Q

What are the Touchet beds?

A

Nutrient rich deposits along the channels carved by the Missoula floods. The flood waters would bring gravel, and fine sediments. They can be over 100 ft deep at the lowest points.

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24
Q

Where is the basalt closest to the surface in Washington?

A

On the syncline peaks. Lower down have layers of flood sediment on top

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25
Q

What sits on top of the Basalt bedrock and flood deposits in the Washington?

A

Windblown loess, silty loam

Can be dozens of feet deep

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26
Q

What term describes the nature of the soils in the Columbia Basin?

A

“Eolian”- shaped by the force of the wind

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27
Q

Who is the “Father of Washington Wine”

A

Dr. Walter Clore

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28
Q

What did Dr. Walter Clore do?

A

From 1937-1970s He spearheaded efforts to prove that vinifera could withstand the harsh WA winter. He planted experimental vinifera vineyards and researched which sites would work best.

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29
Q

Where were some of the first Vinifera vines planted in Washington?

A

Muscat on Snipes Mountain AVA planted in the 1917

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30
Q

When was Associated Vintners founded in Washington? What winery has it become?

A

1962

Now known as Columbia Winery

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31
Q

What project did Andre Tchelistcheff consult on in Washington? What are they known as today?

A

American Wine Growers

Now known as a little winery called Chateau Ste. Michelle

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32
Q

Who was winemaker for Columbia Winery from 1979-2005?

A

David Lake, a British MW

Celebrated as a guiding force of Washington wine

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33
Q

Where did Bob Betz, MW make wine before launching Betz Family Winery in 1997?

A

Bob Betz made wine for Chateau Ste Michelle for 20 years

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34
Q

What two grapes crompise roughly 2/3 of Washington’s acreage?

A

CS and Merlot

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35
Q

What percentage of Washington state’s vinifera are grown within Columbia Valley AVA?

A

95%

36
Q

What was the first AVA of Washington? When was it promoted?

A

Yakima Valley AVA

1983

37
Q

When did Columbia Valley become an AVA? What other WA AVA was created that year?

A

1984

Walla Walla Valley AVA

38
Q

What AVAs are shared between Washington and Oregon?

A

Columbia Valley AVA
Walla Walla Valley AVA
Columbia Gorge AVA

39
Q

What AVA is shared between Washington and Idaho? When was it promoted?Which state has a majority of it?

A

Lewis-Clark Valley AVA
2016
Mostly in Idaho

40
Q

What AVAs of Washington are not nested in the Columbia Valley AVA?

A

Puget Sound AVA
Columbia Gorge AVA
Lewis-Clark Valley AVA

41
Q

What AVAs are nested in Columbia Valley AVA?

A 
Yakima Valley AVA
Walla Walla Valley AVA
Red Mountain AVA
Horse Heaven Hills AVA
Rattlesnake Hills AVA
Wahluke Slope AVA
Lake Chelan AVA
Snipes Moutnain AVA
Naches Heights AVAThe Ancient Lakes of Columbia Valley AVA
Rocks of Milton-Freewater AVA (OR)
42
Q

How big is the Columbia Valley AVA?

A

11 million total acres!
45,000 acres planted to vines
about 1/4 of Washington’s total land

43
Q

Name three important vineyards of Columbia Valley AVA not in a nested AVA

A

Sagemoor
Cold Creek
Stillwater Creek

44
Q

When was Sagemoor Vineyards founded? What sites does it encompass?

A 
1968
4 sites:
Sagemoor
Dionysus
Bacchus
Weinbau (falls in Wahluke Slope AVA)
45
Q

What vineyard is the flagship of Chateau Ste Michelle? When was it planted?

A

Cold Creek

The oldest CS vines date back to 1973

46
Q

What are the sub-AVAs of Yakima Valley?

A

Red Mountian AVA
Snipes Mountain AVA
Rattlesnake Hills AVA

47
Q

What Gap is at he northern entrance to Yakima Valley AVA?

A

Union Gap

48
Q

What is the river of Yakima Valley AVA?

A

Yakima River

49
Q

Where and when was Washington’s first Syrah planted?

A

Red willow Vineyard in Yakima Valley AVA

1986

50
Q

What are three vineyards of Yakima Valley AVA?

A

Red Willow Vineyard
Boushey
Otis

51
Q

Where and when was Washington’s first Cabernet planted?

A

Otis Vineyard in Yakima Valley AVA

1957

52
Q

Where in Yakima is Red Mountain AVA

A

The warmer, eastern end

53
Q

What is Washington’s warmest, smallest, most densely planted AVA?

A

Red Mountain AVA

54
Q

Why makes Red Mountain AVA red?

A

the abundant cheatgrass turns a dullish red in the springtime

55
Q

Name 3 vineyards located on Red Mountain AVA

A

Kiona
Ciel du Cheval (both planted 1975)
Klipsun

56
Q

Name some producers based in Red Mountain AVA

A

Force Majeure
Upchurch Vineyards
Col Solare (Cht Ste Michelle x Antinori)

57
Q

What is the lowest point of Snipes Mountain AVA?

A

750 ft on the Southern side, 820 ft on the north. Up to the summit of 1,310 ft

58
Q

What is the main producer of Snipes Mountain AVA?

A

Upland Vineyards

Todd Newhouse, the owner, drafted the AVA petition

59
Q

In what Yakima AVA is Riesling important?

A

Rattlesnake Hills AVA

it’s slightly cooler than Red Mountain and Snipes Mountain

60
Q

Name 3 important vineyards of Rattlesnake Hills AVA

A

Two Blondes
Dubrul
Morrison Vineyard (planted in 1968)

61
Q

What rivers run through Walla Walla Valley AVA?

A 
3 rivers! 
Columbia River
Walla Walla River
Snake River
The Wallula Gap is right at the confluence of the three.
62
Q

What forms the eastern border of Walla Walla Valley AVA? How does it affect the climate?

A

The Blue Mountains

a “rain backdrop”- significantly more rainfall the further east one goes

63
Q

What are two subregions of eastern Walla Walla Valley AVA that could be future AVAs?

A

Mill Creek

North Fork of Walla Walla Valley

64
Q

What is the soil of most of Walla Walla Valley AVA?

A

Thick Loess, reaching 25-30 ft deep

65
Q

Who first planted vinifera in Walla Walla Valley? When?

A

Gary Figgins in 1974

He founded Leonetti in 1977

66
Q

Who are the “Founding fathers” of Walla Walla?

A 
Gary Figgins (Leonetti)
Rick Small (Woodward Canyon)
Baker Ferguson (L'Ecole)
Eric Rindal (Waterbrook)
67
Q

Where are Cayuse and Pepperbridge located?

A

Walla Walla Valley AVA

68
Q

In what part of Walla Walla Valley AVA does Chrostophe Baron grow grapes for Cayuse?

A

Just across the border from The Rocks of Milton-Freewater AVA.
He is one of the reasons that the AVA was created.

69
Q

Name some important vineyards of Walla Walla Valley AVA

A

Pepper Bridge
Seven Hills Vineyard
SeVein is being developed on the Oregon side as a continuation of Seven Hills

70
Q

What is Vinea?

A

The Winegrowers Sustainable Trust, formed in 2004 committed to promoting sustainability amongst its members. They provide guidelines and collaborates w Oregon’s LIVE to certify wineries. 2/3 of Walla Walla’s wine grape acreage is with Vinea, though not necessarily certified.

71
Q

Explain the location of Horse Heaven Hills AVA

A

Sandwiched between Yakima Valley AVA and the north banks of the Columbia River (Oregon is on the other side). Wallula Gap is the eastern boundary.

72
Q

What percentage of the state’s grapevine acreage is in Horse Heaven Hills AVA? What is the top grape here?

A

~25%

Cab Sauv

73
Q

Name three important vineyards of Horse Heaven Hills AVA

A 
Champoux (planted in 1972)
Alder Ridge
Canoe Ridge
Phinny Hill
Benches VIneyard (Longshadow)
74
Q

What is the climate of Horse Heaven Hills AVA?

A

Very windy. Slightly cooler than Red Mountain, warmer than Yakima.
Winter frost prone but low disease pressure. Small, thick skinned berries.

75
Q

What mountains are to the north of Wahluke Slope AVA?

A

Saddle Mountains

Columbia River is to the weest and south

76
Q

What is Washington’s driest AVA?

A

Wahluke Slope AVA

Irrigation is necessary

77
Q

What is the main grape of Ancient Lakes of Columbia Valley AVA?

A

Riesling

78
Q

What is the northernmost AVA of Washington?

A

Lake Chelan AVA

79
Q

What are the top grapes of Lake Chelan AVA?

A

Riesling and PN

80
Q

Where are most of Washington’s dry-farmed vineyards located?

A

Western Columbia Gorge AVA.

Rainfall is ~8 in on the east side, up to 36+ on the west end

81
Q

Where is the Atavus Vineyard? Who planted it and what is the grape?

A

Columbia Gorge.
Pinot Noir planted by Walter Clore in 1968.
Dry Farmed!

82
Q

What is the most important vineyard of Columbia Gorge AVA?

A

Celilo Vineyard.
PN, Chardonnay, Gewurz.
Planted in 1972

83
Q

What are some subregions of Columbia Valley AVA?

A

Underwood Mountain
Hood River Valley (Oregon side)
The Dalles is in Oregon just outside of the AVA

84
Q

What and where was Washington’s first bonded winery?

A

St. Charles in Puget Sound in 1933.

mostly Labrusca

85
Q

Where are most of the vineyards of Puget Sounds located?

A

On the islands:
Bainbridge
San Juan
Lopez

86
Q

What is the most sparsely planted AVA in Washington?

A

Puget Sound AVA

USA (7 decks)

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