Wars of the Roses (All), 1471-1499 Flashcards
138 of what were passed in Henry VII’s reign compared to 140 by Edward IV and 104 by Richard III?
Attainders
Annual income from what increased from only £350 in 1487 to £6,000 by 1507?
Feudal dues
Approximately how large was Lincoln’s invasion force in June 1487?
6,000 men
Approximately how much did Henry VII request in forced loans in 1496 to combat Warbeck and the Scots?
£10,000
As the aunt of the next generation of Yorkists what did Margaret of Burgundy provide to Yorkist pretenders?
Legitimacy
At which battle in 1471 were the Lancastrian heir and nobles ruthlessly killed?
Tewkesbury
At which battle on 22 August 1485 was Richard III killed by Henry Tudor’s forces?
Bosworth
From what profession and training were most bishops appointed?
Lawyers
How did Henry VII attempt to limit Margaret’s influence in 1493 by placing this on trade with the Netherlands?
Embargo
How did Richard III refer to the former queen when she left sanctuary in March 1484?
Dame Elizabeth Grey
How long was the truce agreed between Edward IV and Louis XI in the Treaty of Picquigny?
Seven years
How many attainders were issued against Richard III’s supporters at the parliament of November 1485?
Twenty-eight
How many attainders were issued by Edward IV after he regained the throne in 1471?
Thirteen
How many bonds were collected In the first decade of Henry VII’s kingship?
191
How many mercenaries were provided to Henry Tudor by the French in 1485?
c.2,000
How many of Richard III’s fifty-four councillors had once been in service to Edward IV?
twenty-four
How many times did Henry VII request parliamentary grants to assist him in war?
Three
How much money did Edward IV receive per year in addition to the initial£15,000 due to the Treaty of Picquigny?
£10,000
In his 24 year reign how many times did Henry VII summon parliament?
Seven
In what year did Anthony Woodville become the guardian of Edward IV’s son, Edward, at Ludlow Castle?
1473
In what year did Henry VII reduce some of the trade privileges, such as immunity from taxation, enjoyed by foreign merchants?
1496
In what year did the English Church grant Henry VII £25,000 towards the cost of the French war?
1489
In what year did Thomas Grey marry Cecilly, the wealthy Bonville heiress?
1474
In what year had Edward IV placed greater theoretical limits of retaining that he and the nobility largely ignored?
1468
In what year had George of Clarence and Warwick captured and imprisoned Edward IV?
1469
In what year was an ordinance published regarding Household expenditure?
1478
In what year was John de Vere attainted after being placed in Hammes Castle?
1475
In what year was the loophole over ‘lawful’ retaining was partly closed and was accompanied by a recognisance?
1487
In which English region did a lack of a dominant figure cause chaos in Henry VII’s reign?
North Midlands
In which English region did John de Vere become the dominant figure in Henry VII’s reign?
East Anglia
In which English region was Sir Giles Daubeney made Baron Daubeney in 1486 and became dominant?
South West
In which region did Edward IV promote Richard of Gloucester to dominance from July 1471 onwards?
Northern England
In which region of England was Thomas Grey, Edward IV’s stepson, the real power in the second reign?
South West
In which region were the northerners Lord Scrope of Bolton and Richard Ratcliffe heavily rewarded?
South West England
In which year did Charles of Burgundy die in battle leaving his daughter Mary as his heiress?
1477
In which year did Henry Tudor learn of a deal between Brittany and Richard III and flee to France?
1484
In which year did Henry Tudor learn of a deal between Brittany and Richard III and then flee to France?
1484
In which year did Jasper and Henry Tudor flee abroad but were shipwrecked in Brittany and became prisoners?
1471
In which year did Richard of Gloucester invade Scotland for Edward IV?
1482
In which year did the Scots begin to breach the truce with England arranged by Edward IV?
1480
Income from what increased from £29,000 in 1485 to £42,000 in 1509?
Crown lands
Marriage of Clarence to which sister of James III’s was blocked because Edward IV did not trust his brother?
Margaret
On what day did Henry VII’s coronation occur, in a virtually identical style to Richard III’s?
30 October 1485
On which day did Gloucester, Buckingham and Edward V enter London?
4 May 1483
Renewed war with which country in 1484 was probably an expensive error for Richard III?
Scotland
The 1486 Act of Resumption reclaimed all Crown lands and properties granted away since when?
1455
The government of which new king of France actively supported Henry Tudor?
Charles VIII
The leaders of which prominent south-west city refused to support the Cornish rebellion of 1497?
Bristol
The relative power of what in the localities continued to decline as Justices of the Peace became more important?
Sheriffs
The size of the nobility declined by approximately what percentage in Henry VII’s reign?
Twenty-five percent
What action against Edward IV’s children was revoked by Henry VII’s parliament?
Act of Bastardisation
What aspect of income did not greatly increase despite efforts by Henry VII?
Customs duties
What attempt of Richard III’s, from 1484 onwards, to install loyal northerners in the south generated resentment?
northern plantations’
What between 1472 and 1475 provided Edward IV with £48,000?
Church Taxes
What continually provided stability at a local level through tithes, services and its own courts?
Church
What did 104 persons connected with the 1483 (‘Buckingham’s) rebellion suffer in the parliament of 1484?
Attainder
What did Clarence allegedly spread rumours about regarding Edward IV?
Illegitimacy
What did Clarence imply he was afraid of by not eating or drinking at Edward IV’s royal court?
poison
What did Clarence unsuccessfully seek to demonstrate his innocence of treason?
Trial by Combat
What did Edward IV appoint to investigate his enemies and rebels in Kent and Essex after his restoration?
Commissions
What did Edward IV establish in 1472 to tighten his control over the principality and neighbouring lands?
Council of Wales and the Marches
What did Edward IV negotiate in 1473-74 that restored relations with the Hanseatic League?
Treaty of Utrecht
What did Edward IV offer to many of his opponents during the early years of both of his reigns?
Clemency
What did Edward IV try to levy, just the once, in 1472-73?
Income Tax
What did Edward IV use to bypass the Exchequer, creating a more informal and flexible system of finance?
King’s Chamber
What did forced loans and the pawning of some crown jewels show that Richard III faced by 1485?
financial difficulties
What did Francis II of Brittany emptily promise Edward IV for his invasion of France?
8000 men
What did Gloucester allege that the Woodvilles had attempted to do through an ambush on his journey to London?
Kill him
What did Gloucester order to be sent to him from the north, especially York, in early June?
Military reinforcements
What did Henry VII gain each year from his French pension agreed by the treaty of Etaples?
£5,000
What did Henry VII lack which reduced the potential for overmighty subjects?
Male relatives
What did Henry VII make the first day of his reign so that his enemies at Bosworth were traitors?
21 August 1485
What did Henry VII pass laws curbing in 1485, 1487 and 1504?
Retaining
What did Henry VII undertake by act of parliament in 1486 but was careful not to alienate too many nobles?
Resumption
What did Lincoln take over running in April 1484 even though he had no lands or support there?
Council of the North
What did receipts from bonds rise from £3000 in 1493 to in 1505?
£35,000
What did Richard III declare illegal in the parliament of 1484?
Benevolences
What did Richard III formally establish in 1484 under John de la Pole’s leadership?
Council of the North
What did Richard III have that warned him of the 1483 rebellion?
Spy network
What did Richard III have to resort in 1485 to even though he had banned very similar benevolences?
forced loans
What did the Church provide at a local level through tithes, services and church courts?
Stability
What did the Crown’s income rise to because of more efficient methods of collection?
£70,000
What did the minority council refuse to agree that Rivers and Richard Grey had committed?
Treason
What enabled Henry VII to reclaim all lands held by Henry VI before the outbreak of the Wars of the Roses?
Act of Resumption
What force did Edward IV send to aid the Bretons against French invasion in 1472?
3000 archers
What had Clarence allegedly treasonously kept from 1470 declaring he was heir to York?
Exemplification
What had the Woodville family been until Edward IV pardoned them in the early 1460s?
Lancastrians
What has it been suggested that Gloucester seized the throne in 1483 out of fear of losing?
northern estates
What in 1494 decreed that only the king had the power to summon an Irish parliament and approve the passing of laws?
Poyning’s law
What innovation of Edward IV’s first reign visited crown estates and ensured they were properly audited?
Crown commissioners
What might Gloucester have feared because the new king had been raised by the Woodvilles?
Edward V’s minority
What mutual defence was made between Edward IV and Duke Charles of Burgundy in 1474?
Treaty of London
What name is given to Henry VII’s chief advisers and servants from the ranks of lesser landowners or gentry or professions?
New men’
What name is given to Richard’s attempts from, 1484 onwards, to install loyal northerners in the south?
northern plantations’
What new unit of elite bodyguards did Henry VII create to protect him?
Yeomen of the Guard
What poor compensation title was William Herbert’s son given by Edward IV for surrendering his influence in Wales?
Earl of Huntingdon
What provided the Crown with an annual pension of £10,000 from 1475 until 1482?
Treaty of Picquigny
What provided Edward IV with an income that varied between £300 and £8000 per annum?
Profits from Justice
What recorded the workings of the household in 1471-72 in an attempt to cut its expenditure?
Black Book of the Household
What resulted in 1494 from the reorganisation of Irish government with Sir Edmund Poynings in charge but collapsed by 1496?
Council in Ireland
What title was given to Richard of Gloucester after his brother’s death?
Protector
What was a kind of forced payment, introduced in 1475, which did not have to be repaid?
Benevolence
What was bestowed on 37 loyal subjects by Henry VII and was cheap as no land was attached?
Order of the Garter
What was effectively headed by Jasper Tudor until his death in 1495?
Council in Wales and the Marches
What was established by Richard III in 1484 to help poor people in search of justice?
Council of Requests and Supplications
What was George of Clarence most likely drowned in on 18 February 1478?
Malmesey wine
What was one of the main reasons for the failure of Buckingham’s Rebellion in late 1483?
Poor co-ordination
What was ruled first by Henry Percy until 1489 and then by Thomas Howard, although he was not a northern power?
Council of the North
What was set up, allegedly largely rejecting the will of Edward IV, and was dominated by the Woodvilles?
Minority council
What was signed between Henry VII and Charles VIII of France in November 1492?
Treaty of Etaples
What was the amount that the Crown had to spend annually in order to govern the kingdom effectively?
£50,000
What was the annual average amount received by the Crown from customs revenues in Edward’s second reign?
£34,000
What was the average number of Justices of the Peace commissioned for a county?
Eighteen
What was the enormous total of the bonds raised by the Marquis of Dorset’s friends in 1491 so that he could remain free?
£10,000
What was the name of the Earl of Lincoln, the son of Richard III’s sister Elizabeth?
John de la Pole
What was the poorer earldom that William Herbert, son of the dead New Yorkist, had to take instead of Pembroke in 1479?
Huntingdon
What was the total value of the confiscated lands Richard granted to his loyal, mainly northern followers in 1484?
£12,000
What was threatened by Warbeck’s actions in the 1490s because of fears of a contested crown?
Anglo-Spanish alliance
What were always appointed annually from among the local landowners in each county to represent the king?
Sheriffs
What were both Warbeck and Edward of Warwick accused of conspiring in 1499 that led to their executions?
Treason
What were formal acknowledgements of actual debts or other obligations that already existed?
Recognisances
What were over half of the peerage in Henry’s reign obliged to give to the crown?
Bonds
What were the consequences of Henry VII unsuccessful 1493 embargo against Margaret of Burgundy?
Riots
What were the Woodvilles anxious to organise as quickly as possible?
Edward V’s coronation
What were there relatively few of in England at this time in contrast to France and Spain?
Aristocratic bishops
When did Edward IV issue a general pardon?
October 1471
When did Edward IV sign a treaty with James III of Scotland?
October 1474
When did Elizabeth of York gain ‘attention’ from Richard III when her and her mother came to court?
Christmas 1484
When did Elizabeth of York give birth to Henry VII’s first child? A boy named Arthur.
September 1486
When did George Neville die without any children?
4 May 1483
When did Gloucester arrest Hastings, Lord Stanley and John Morton, on charges of treason?
13 June 1483
When did Gloucester take the throne and was formally acknowledged as King Richard III?
26 June 1483
When did Henry VII raise a forced loan of £48,500 to assist him in an intended defence of Brittany?
1491
When did Henry VII’s first parliament meet to declare and confirm his kingship?
7 November 1485
When did John de Vere unsuccessfully attempt to land his opposition force against Edward IV in Essex?
May 1473
When did ‘Lady Elizabeth Grey’ and her daughters leave the sanctuary of Westminster Abbey?
1 March 1484
When did Parliament formally and publicly request that Henry VII marry Elizabeth of York?
10 December 1485
When did Parliament meet at Westminster mainly to arraign the duke for treason?
January 1478
When did Perkin Warbeck leave Scotland, return to Ireland but then sail straight to Devon?
July 1497
When did Richard III put John Fitzalan at sea to police the English Channel?
March 1484
When did Richard III’s son and heir, Prince Edward, die at Middleham castle reopening the succession?
April 1484
When did Richard III’s queen, Anne Neville, die, leading to accusations that he had poisoned her?
March 1485
When did the Battle of Bosworth between Richard III and Henry Tudor occur?
22 August 1485
When did Warbeck attempt to escape, was recaptured, publicly humiliated and sent to the Tower?
1498
When was an unsuccessful attempt made to free the royal princes from the Tower?
late July 1483
Where did a rebellion against the Tudor regime begin in May 1497 in response to high taxation for Scottish war?
Cornwall
Where did a rebellion break out against Henry VII in April 1489?
Yorkshire
Where did Buckingham fail to gather sufficent support for the rebellion in October 1483?
Wales
Where did Buckingham’s rebellion start ten days too early, alerting John Howard?
Kent
Where did Edward IV invade in 1475 with a force of 12,000 well-trained and equipped men?
France
Where did Edward IV meet Louis XI in August 1475 and sign a treaty?
Picquigny
Where did Henry Tudor land on 7 August 1485 with a combined invasion force of approximately 2500 men?
Milford Haven
Where did Henry VII defeat the Cornish insurgents on 17 June 1497?
Blackheath
Where did Henry VII stop after Bosworth to allow his servants time to prepare the triumphant entry into London?
St. Albans
Where did Jasper and Henry Tudor end up in captivity after fleeing England in September 1471?
Brittany
Where did John de Vere successfully hold from September 1473 until May 1474?
St Michael’s Mount
Where did John Howard struggled to retain the loyalty of the Mowbray affinity he had inherited in Richard III’s reign?
East Anglia
Where did Justices of the Peace try those accused of the more serious crimes?
Quarter sessions
Where did Margaret of Burgundy protect Perkin Warbeck between 1493 and 1495?
Flanders
Where did Perkin Warbeck flee to in September 1497 and was then persuaded to surrender?
Beaulieu Abbey
Where did Perkin Warbeck unsuccessfully attempt to land in Kent in July 1495?
Deal
Where did the armies of Henry Tudor and Richard III confront each other on 22 August 1485?
Bosworth
Where did the Stanleys extend their influence after the fall of Buckingham?
North Wales
Where did William Collingborne unsuccessfully encourage Henry Tudor to land on 18 October 1484?
Poole
Where in October 1484 did an armed rising occur leading the rebels to flee to Henry Tudor?
Essex
Where might Clarence have been involved in a rising in early summer 1477?
Cambridgeshire
Where on 16 June 1487 were Lincoln’s forces decisively defeated by Henry VII?
Stoke Field
Where was a parliamentary tax of a ‘tenth’ announced to pay for the defence of in 1489?
Brittany
Where was Buckingham executed on 2 November 1483 after being captured in Wales?
Salisbury
Where was Edward of Warwick paraded through the streets in 1487 to ‘prove’ that Simnel was an imposter?
London
Where was George of Clarence sent to at the end of June 1477?
Tower of London
Where was Henry VII shortly after Easter 1486 when word reached him of an impending attack?
York
Where was Lambert Simnel sent to work after he was pardoned by Henry VII?
royal kitchens
Where was Richard III stationed to react when he learnt of Tudor’s invasion in August 1485?
Nottingham
Where was Richard III’s personal support narrowly concentrated?
The North
Where were Gloucester and Clarence summoned to by Edward IV in February 1472 to settle their dispute?
Sheen
Where were officers sent to enquire into tenants holding lucrative knight service in 1479?
Duchy of Lancaster
Where were Rivers, Grey and Vaughan executed on 25 June 1483 on Gloucester’s orders?
Pontefract
Which 17-year-old from France arrived in Cork in autumn 1491 and claimed to be Richard of York?
Perkin Warbeck
Which 4th Earl of Northumberland was a prominent northerner that actively supported Richard III?
Henry Percy
Which Abbot of Abingdon was an organiser of plots against Henry VII between 1486 and 1490?
John Sant
Which abbot of Westminster, who had sheltered Queen Elizabeth, was made Bishop of Hereford in 1474?
Thomas Milling
Which administrator and financial agent of King Henry VII collected debts owed to the king?
Edmund Dudley
Which agent of Hastings confessed in August 1482 that he had been spreading false rumours about Dorset and Rivers?
John Edwards
Which allies failed to materialise for Edward IV after his 1475 invasion of France?
Bretons
Which ally and best friend of Richard III led a revolt in 1486 but it failed and he fled to Flanders?
Francis Lovell
Which Archbishop of Dublin supported Lambert Simnel and played a role in his Irish coronation?
Walter Fitzsimons
Which Archbishop of York was made Chancellor of England and temporary treasurer by Henry VII?
Thomas Rotherham
Which area from 1484 largely fell into the hands of the Stanleys and William Herbert?
Wales
Which Bishop of Carlisle was appointed by the king to enforce his rights in the north and effectively spy on the council?
William Sever
Which boy claiming to be Edward of Warwick appeared in Ireland in February 1487?
Lambert Simnel
Which castle was besieged by Yorkists until September 1471 when Jasper Tudor fled?
Pembroke
Which chronicler was critical of Richard of Gloucester’s achievements in Scotland in 1482?
2nd Crowland Chronicler
Which city’s council refused to acknowledge Henry VII as king until 22 October 1485?
York
Which cousin of James IV of Scotland did the king arranged to be married to Warbeck by early 1497?
Lady Catherine Gordon
Which daughter and heiress of Charles the Bold did Clarence unsuccessfully wish to marry in 1477?
Mary of Burgundy
Which daughter of Edward IV was supposed to marry the French dauphin but never did?
Elizabeth of York
Which daughter of Edward IV was supposed to marry the son of James III but never did?
Cecily of York
Which Duke of Brittany wanted aid from Edward IV, so was unwilling to help Henry Tudor until 1483?
Francis II
Which Duke of Brittany was reluctant to antagonise the French but asked Edward IV for aid in 1472?
Francis II
Which Earl of Essex and former Treasurer of England was restored to the role in 1471?
Henry Bourchier
Which Earl of Lincoln and nephew of Richard III became a prominent supporter of Richard III’s regime?
John de la Pole
Which earl of Lincoln and nephew of Richard III fled to Flanders and in June 1487 invaded England supporting Simnel?
John de la Pole
Which eldest daughter of Henry VII was promised in marriage to James IV of Scotland in 1497?
Margaret Tudor
Which English merchant was involved in Charles VIII’s plot to release Warwick (1491) and the Warbeck conspiracy?
John Taylor
Which English soldier, administrator and diplomat of gentry origins was made a Knight of the Garter and Lord Deputy of Ireland (1494-96)?
Sir Edward Poynings
Which experienced noble commanded Henry Tudor’s forces at Bosworth?
John de Vere (Oxford)
Which family became increasingly dominant in Edward IV’s second reign as demonstrated by Earl Rivers and Thomas Grey?
Woodvilles
Which family became prominent Irish noble supporters of Lambert Simnel in 1487?
Fitzgeralds
Which family had Edward IV relied upon heavily in his first reign but were gone by his second?
Nevilles
Which family is it argued that Gloucester was afraid of in 1483?
Woodvilles
Which family sent money to Henry Tudor after his landing in August 1485 but did so secretly?
Stanleys
Which father of Henry Tudor and Earl of Richmond died in 1456 before the birth of his son?
Edmund Tudor
Which father of Queen Elizabeth had Clarence captured and executed in 1469?
Richard Woodville
Which favourite of Richard III died at the Battle of Bosworth?
Sir Richard Ratcliffe
Which favourite of Richard III was executed by Henry VII after the Battle of Bosworth?
William Catesby
Which favourite of Richard III was given extensive lands in Oxfordshire and Berkshire?
Viscount Lovell
Which former chancellor in exile to King Henry VI became a loyal servant to Edward IV?
Sir John Fortescue
Which former die-hard Lancastrian made his peace and became Bishop of Ely in 1478?
John Morton
Which former Earl of Pembroke fled to Brittany in 1471 with his nephew?
Jasper Tudor
Which former Lancastrian defender of Harlech became a royal councillor in Edward IV’s second reign?
Sir Richard Tunstall
Which former supporter of Richard III was released from prison to deal with the Yorkshire rebellion in 1489?
Thomas Howard
Which Franco-Burgundian peace in 1482 undermined all of Edward IV’s previous efforts?
Treaty of Arras
Which group did Edward IV use to govern the regions?
Nobility
Which group regarded Richard III as a usurper and wanted revenge for Edward IV’s children?
Edward IV’s household
Which Habsburg heir to the Holy Roman Empire who married Mary of Burgundy in August 1477?
Maximilian
Which hated organisation was established by Henry VII to supervise bonds and recognisances?
Council Learned in the Law
Which illegitimate member of the Percy dynasty led the Yorkshire rebels in 1489?
Sir John Egremont
Which Irish city did Warbeck unsuccessfully besiege for 11 days in summer 1495?
Waterford
Which key Tudor supporter at Bosworth was convicted of treason for conspiracy with Perkin Warbeck in 1495 and executed?
Sir William Stanley
Which Lancastrian city had to pay £400 to Edward IV to regain its liberties?
Coventry
Which lands could have exploited them for£1,000 a year but Edward IV let Hastings have them for £300 a year?
Shrewsbury lands
Which lieutenant of the Tower of London allegedly (Vergil) refused Richard III’s orders to kill the princes?
Robert Brackenbury
Which loyal servant of Richard III allegedly murdered Edward V and his brother Richard of York?
Sir James Tyrell
Which loyal supporter of Richard III was made Duke of Norfolk just two days after Richard became king?
John Howard
Which major commercial treaty was signed in February 1496 by Henry VII and Philip IV of Burgundy?
Magnus Intercursus
Which major town did Richard of Gloucester recover for England in 1482?
Berwick
Which member of Clarence’s household was found guilty in 1477 for plotting the king’s death?
Thomas Burdett
Which mistress of Edward IV was also the mistress of Thomas Grey and William Hastings?
‘Jane’ Shore
Which mother of Henry Tudor had plotted with Elizabeth Woodville to see her son marry Elizabeth of York?
Margaret Beaufort
Which mother of Queen Elizabeth had been put on trial for witchcraft by Clarence and Warwick in 1469?
Jacquetta of Bedford
Which new and later date did the council set for Edward V’s coronation after Gloucester’s arrival?
22 June 1483
Which new king of France from 1483 actively supported Henry Tudor to annoy Richard III?
Charles VIII
Which niece of Richard III was the king forced to publicly deny having any intention of marrying in 1485?
Elizabeth of York
Which noble grew up with Richard of Gloucester and served him in his Scottish campaigns?
Francis, Lord Lovell
Which noble was restored to dominance in Ireland after Poynings was recalled to England in 1496?
Gerald FitzGerald
Which noble’s betrayal in Autumn 1483 was a major shock and threat to Richard III?
Henry Stafford
Which place did Henry Tudor reach on 15 August 1485 with an army swollen to 5000 men?
Shrewsbury
Which powerful elder step-son of Edward IV was using the royal treasure to equip a fleet in 1483?
Thomas Grey
Which principal secretary to Henry VII and Lord Privy Seal became bishop of Exeter in 1487?
Richard Foxe
Which prisoner played a major role in persuading Buckingham to rebel in Autumn 1483?
John Morton
Which prominent and trusted courtier of Henry VII became a significant figure in Kent?
Sir Richard Guildford
Which prominent landowner from South Wales joined Henry Tudor with his 800 men in August 1485?
Rhys ap Thomas
Which prominent noble was killed at the battle of Bosworth loyally fighting for Richard III?
Duke of Norfolk
Which prominent northern and servant of Richard III was granted southern lands to the value of £650 per annum?
Richard Ratcliffe
Which prominent Welshman was appointed to govern south-west Wales for the Council in Henry VII’s reign?
Sir Rhys ap Thomas
Which provocative priest did Clarence have declare the innocence of Burdett?
John Goddard
Which rebel leader was executed in September 1471 after having been initially pardoned?
Thomas of Fauconberg
Which rebel Mayor of Canterbury was executed on 29 May 1471?
Nicholas Fount
Which right to raise revenue from imports and exports was granted to Henry VII by parliament for life?
Tunnage and poundage
Which Scottish king welcomed Perkin Warbeck in 1495 and gave him an annual pension of £1,200?
James IV
Which Scottish lord became an active spy for Henry VII agasinst James IV and Perkin Warbeck?
John Ramsay (Bothwell)
Which second son from the gentry was created a Knight of the Garter by Henry VII, became Treasurer and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster?
Sir Reginald Bray
Which servant of Isabel Neville did Clarence execute for allegedly poisoning her?
Ankarette Twynyho
Which son of Clarence arguably had a much stronger claim to the throne than Richard III?
Edward of Warwick
Which son of Montagu was Richard’s ward and whose lands he held only as long as he lived?
George Neville
Which son of Thomas Stanley was kept as a hostage by Richard III before Bosworth?
Lord Strange
Which sons of Edward IV’s sister, Katherine, and brothers of Lincoln, represented the last male Yorkist threat after 1499?
De la Poles
Which source of ordinary income did Edward IV work most to expand in his second reign?
Crown lands
Which southerner was put in charge of the Council of the North after Henry Percy’s death in 1489?
Thomas Howard
Which Speaker of the Commons sought that the sentence against Clarence be enacted?
William Allington
Which stepson of Edward IV joined Henry Tudor in exile in 1483, almost reconciled with Richard III but did not?
Thomas Grey
Which stepson-in-law of Margaret of Burgundy recognised Warbeck as Richard IV in 1494?
Emperor Maximillian
Which step-uncle of Henry Tudor waited to see the direction the battle would go, and then rushed to his rescue?
Sir William Stanley
Which substantial lands and estates fell into the Crown’s possession in 1478?
Clarence’s lands
Which supporter of Buckingham’s rebellion was pardoned by Richard III in February 1485?
Sir John Fogge
Which trained lawyer was an increasingly influential member of Hastings’ household?
William Catesby
Which trusted adviser of Henry VII became Archbishop of Canterbury in 1486 and Chancellor in 1487?
John Morton
Which uncle of Henry VII and new Duke of Bedford was a key councillor to Henry VII until his death in 1495?
Jasper Tudor
Which uncle of the Earl of Shrewsbury joined Henry Tudor in August 1485?
Gilbert Talbot
Which uprising in late 1483 was largely led by gentry from southern English counties and the Woodvilles?
Buckingham’s rebellion
Which vital group did Richard III fail to gain significant support from throughout his reign?
southern gentry
Which well-rewarded favourite of Richard III served as his chancellor of the exchequer?
William Catesby
Which writer alleged that the Woodvilles sought Clarence’s death?
Dominic Mancini
Which Yorkist Earl of Pembroke had raised Henry Tudor during Edward IV’s first reign?
William Herbert (1st)
Which younger courtiers was Hastings said to be jealous of because of their social activities with the king?
Richard Grey and Edward Woodville
Who arrested Anthony Woodville and Richard Grey the morning after dining with them at Stony Stratford?
Richard of Gloucester
Who attempted to rescue the Princes from the Tower and Edward IV’s daughters from sanctuary?
Sir John Cheney
Who became a prisoner in the Tower in late May 1471, Edward’s sister Anne then divorced him and he ‘accidentally drowned in 1475?
Henry Holland
Who became Lord Admiral, chief steward of the Duchy of Lancaster and constable of the Tower in 1485?
John de Vere
Who became the key noble in the midlands during Edward IV’s second reign?
William Hastings
Who brought c.3,000 men to Bosworth but did not pick sides until later in the battle?
Thomas Stanley
Who coordinated rebellion against Richard III through secret messages to Elizabeth Woodville?
Margaret Beaufort
Who defected to Henry Tudor in November 1484, freeing John de Vere from Hammes?
James Blount
Who demanded the trial of Clarence and was both the prosecutor and judge?
Edward IV
Who did Buckingham address on 24 June 1483 in support of Richard of Gloucester’s claim to the throne?
Mayor of London
Who did Clarence accuse of ‘murdering’ his infant son Richard at the time his wife died?
John Thursby
Who did Edward IV placed in charge of Northern England with semi-independent power?
Richard of Gloucester
Who did Edward IV seek revenge against due to his support for Queen Margaret and Warwick?
Louis XI
Who did Henry VII demand a recognisance of £10,000 from in 1485 almost immediately after Bosworth?
Viscount Beaumont
Who did Henry VII marry on 18 January 1486?
Elizabeth of York
Who did Henry VII place in the Tower due to the dynastic threat that he posed?
Edward of Warwick
Who did Richard III install in the North midlands in March 1484 but with limited power?
Sir Marmaduke Constable
Who did Richard make Chief Justice and Chamberlain in Wales as well as controller of royal castles there?
Buckingham
Who died in at Warwick in December 1476 leaving a young son and daughter?
Isabel Neville
Who ended up in a bitter conflict with Thomas Grey inEdward IV’s second reign over competition for mistresses?
William Hastings
Who gained dominance in Wales from 1472 onwards in Edward IV’s second reign?
Anthony Woodville (Earl Rivers)
Who had a distant claim to the throne through Thomas of Woodstock?
Buckingham
Who had a poor relationship with Lord Hastings because he was deprived of the Captain of Calais in 1471?
Anthony Woodville
Who had been appointed warden of the East and West Marches on the Scottish border in July 1461?
Earl of Warwick
Who had Clarence and Warwick allied with to drive Edward IV into exile in 1470?
Margaret of Anjou
Who had Edward IV relied upon to defeat northern Lancastrian resistance and made Earl of Northumberland in 1464?
John Neville.
Who had Gloucester married by Easter 1472 much to George of Clarence’s anger?
Anne Neville
Who had Richard III most likely murdered which generated much opposition to his regime?
Princes in the Tower
Who invaded England repeatedly but was captured and imprisoned from 1474 until 1484?
Earl of Oxford
Who is it possible that Clarence was intriguing with against Edward IV in 1472?
John de Vere
Who is said to have resented the influence of William Hastings over her husband?
Elizabeth Woodville
Who joined and later became the focus of the rebellion of 1483 but failed to land in England?
Henry Tudor
Who launched an attack on Worcester in 1486 but his force was put down by Jasper Tudor?
Humphrey Stafford
Who led the Cornwall rebellion in 1497 along with 24 other Somerset gentlemen?
Lord Audley
Who may have instigated the Warbeck plot and welcomed him at the French court in summer 1492?
Charles VIII
Who met with an angry crowd at Topcliffe in Yorkshire in 1489 to explain the taxation but was killed by the mob?
Henry Percy
Who played a large role in financial matters for Henry VII and was hated by the nobility?
Richard Empson
Who preached the ‘rightful’ title of Gloucester to the crown at St Paul’s Cross on 22 June 1483?
Ralph Shaw
Who recognised Warbeck as her nephew, Richard of York, greatly adding to his credibility?
Margaret of Burgundy
Who resented the Woodvilles because he had been forced to marry the queen’s sister Catherine in the 1460s?
Duke of Buckingham
Who was a counsellor to Richard of Gloucester and his steward of Barnard Castle?
Richard Ratcliffe
Who was a political non-entity but was married to Richard III’s sister and his son was the earl of Lincoln?
Duke of Suffolk
Who was a supposed conspirator in 1495 who was pardoned and may well have been a royal spy?
Sir Robert Clifford
Who was appointed Captain of Calais in 1471 after Rivers left on pilgrimage?
William Hastings
Who was archbishop of Canterbury from 1486 and chancellor from 1487?
John Morton
Who was attainted of high treason for association with Perkin Warbeck and executed in November 1496?
Lord Fitzwalter
Who was captured by Richard of Gloucester and illegally forced to hand over her lands and estates to him?
Elizabeth de Vere
Who was cheated out of the Mowbray inheritance by Edward IV keeping the lands of the dead heiress for his son Richard?
John Howard
Who was Edward IV’s daughter, Anne, arranged to marry in the treaty of 1480?
Philip of Burgundy
Who was Edward IV’s heir, Edward, arranged to marry in the treaty of 1481?
Anne of Brittany
Who was Edward IV’s sister allowed to divorce in 1472?
Henry Holland
Who was excluded from the succession on the grounds of his father’s attainder for treason?
Edward of Warwick
Who was executed in 1478 demonstrating Edward IV’s increasing ruthlessness?
George of Clarence
Who was forgiven for his participation in the 1486 rebellion of his elder brother?
Thomas Stafford
Who was it alleged that Edward IV had been pre-contracted to marry before Elizabeth Woodville?
Lady Eleanor Butler
Who was knighted in 1475 and became constable of Chester Castle in 1479?
Richard Grey
Who was knighted in 1475 and was granted control of the town of Portsmouth and of Porchester Castle in 1480?
Edward Woodville
Who was lord deputy of Ireland and effective ruler from 1470 until 1477?
Thomas FitzGerald
Who was made justiciar of South Wales in November 1483
William Herbert
Who was made Marquess of Dorset in 1475, cementing his authority in South West England?
Thomas Grey
Who was made to pay 1,000 marks as a fine for his support of the Lancastrian cause?
Reginald West
Who was married to Cecily Bonville in 1474 and became the major power in South West England?
Thomas Grey
Who was pardoned for Buckingham’s rebellion in March 1484 but defected to Tudor in October 1484?
William Brandon
Who was pardoned on 15 October 1471, but was made to enter into bonds to pay a fine of 1,000 marks?
Lord de la Warr
Who was placed him in charge of Northern England by Edward IV and had very wide powers?
Richard of Gloucester
