Edward IV's government, 1471-1483 Flashcards

1
Q

Who was placed him in charge of Northern England and had very wide powers?

A

Richard of Gloucester

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2
Q

In which region of England was Thomas Grey, the king’s stepson, the real power in the second reign?

A

South West

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3
Q

Who became the key noble in the midlands during Edward IV’s second reign?

A

William Hastings

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4
Q

In what year had Edward IV placed greater theoretical limits of retaining that he and the nobility largely ignored?

A

1468

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5
Q

Who gained dominance in Wales from 1472 onwards?

A

Anthony Woodville (Earl Rivers)

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6
Q

Who were responsible for the maintenance of public order in the localities in both reigns?

A

Justices of the Peace

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7
Q

Which former die-hard Lancastrian made his peace and became Bishop of Ely in 1478?

A

John Morton

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8
Q

What continually provided stability at a local level through tithes, services and its own courts?

A

Church

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9
Q

Which substantial lands and estates fell into the Crown’s possession in 1478?

A

Clarence’s lands

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10
Q

What were always appointed annually from among the local landowners in each county to represent the king?

A

Sheriffs

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11
Q

What did Edward IV offer to many of his opponents during the early years of both of his reigns?

A

Clemency

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12
Q

Whose advice did Edward IV take in his second reign to increase his financial position?

A

Sir John Fortescue

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13
Q

Which family had Edward IV relied upon heavily in his first reign but were gone by his second?

A

Nevilles

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14
Q

Which family became increasingly dominant in Edward IV’s second reign as demonstrated by Earl Rivers and Thomas Grey?

A

Woodvilles

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15
Q

What did Edward IV establish in 1472 to tighten his control over the principality and neighbouring lands?

A

Council of Wales and the Marches

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16
Q

In which region did Edward IV promote Richard of Gloucester to dominance from July 1471 onwards?

A

Northern England

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17
Q

Who was executed in 1478 demonstrating Edward IV’s increasing ruthlessness?

A

George of Clarence

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18
Q

Who was ruthlessly murdered in the Tower at the end of May 1471 on Edward IV’s orders?

A

Henry VI

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19
Q

What was a kind of forced payment, introduced in 1475, which did not have to be repaid?

A

Benevolence

20
Q

Which former Lancastrian defender of Harlech became a royal councillor in Edward IV’s second reign?

A

Sir Richard Tunstall

21
Q

What had the Woodville family been until Edward IV pardoned them in the early 1460s?

A

Lancastrians

22
Q

Who had been appointed warden of the East and West Marches on the Scottish border in July 1461?

A

Earl of Warwick

23
Q

Who had Edward IV relied upon to defeat northern Lancastrian resistance and made Earl of Northumberland in 1464?

A

John Neville.

24
Q

At which battle in 1471 were the Lancastrian heir and nobles ruthlessly killed?

A

Tewkesbury

25
Q

Which source of ordinary income did Edward IV work most to expand in his second reign?

A

Crown lands

26
Q

Which group did Edward IV use to govern the regions?

A

Nobility

27
Q

Who was lord deputy of Ireland and effective ruler from 1470 until 1477?

A

Thomas FitzGerald

28
Q

What did the Crown’s income rise to because of more efficient methods of collection?

A

£70,000

29
Q

Where were officers sent to enquire into tenants holding lucrative knight service in 1479?

A

Duchy of Lancaster

30
Q

Which lands could have exploited them for £1,000 a year but Edward IV let Hastings have them for £300 a year?

A

Shrewsbury lands

31
Q

What innovation of Edward IV’s first reign visited crown estates and ensured they were properly audited?

A

Crown commissioners

32
Q

What was the average number of Justices of the Peace commissioned for a county?

A

Eighteen

33
Q

Where did Justices of the Peace try those accused of the more serious crimes?

A

Quarter sessions

34
Q

What were there relatively few of in England at this time in contrast to France and Spain?

A

Aristocratic bishops

35
Q

What did Edward IV use to bypass the Exchequer, creating a more informal and flexible system of finance?

A

King’s Chamber

36
Q

What did the Church provide at a local level through tithes, services and church courts?

A

Stability

37
Q

From what profession and training were most bishops appointed?

A

Lawyers

38
Q

What recorded the workings of the household in 1471-72 in an attempt to cut its expenditure?

A

Black Book of the Household

39
Q

In what year was an ordinance published regarding Household expenditure?

A

1478

40
Q

What provided the Crown with an annual pension of £10,000 from 1475 until 1482?

A

Treaty of Picquigny

41
Q

What did Edward IV try to levy, just the once, in 1472-73?

A

Income Tax

42
Q

What provided the king with an income that varied between £300 and £8000 per annum?

A

Profits from Justice

43
Q

What between 1472 and 1475 provided Edward IV with £48,000?

A

Church Taxes

44
Q

What was the annual average amount received by the Crown from customs revenues in Edward’s second reign?

A

£34,000

45
Q

What was the amount that the Crown had to spend annually in order to govern the kingdom effectively?

A

£50,000

46
Q

What was the poorer earldom that William Herbert, son of the dead New Yorkist, had to take instead of Pembroke in 1479?

A

Huntingdon