Wars Flashcards
Crimean War
10/1853-02/1856 - Russia vs Ottoman, British, French, Sardinia - Nicholas I vs Napoleon III, Victoria, et al - Caused by declining Ottoman Empire, and desire to stop Russian territorial expansion - Allied victory, Treaty of Paris - 600,000 casualties on all sides
War of Jenkins’ Ear
1739-1748 - British vs Spanish Empire - Fought in New Granada, Caribbean, Florida, Georgia - Status quo ante bellum - The name refers to an ear severed from Robert Jenkins, captain of a British merchant ship, used by Parliament as impetus for war
Korean War
1950-1953 - UN Command (South Korea, USA, UK) vs North Korea, China, USSR - Syngman Rhee, Douglas MacArthur vs Kim Il-Sung, Mao Zedong - Fought over partition of Korea after WWII y Cold War tensions - Ended in stalemate - 1.5 mil war casualties, 2.5 civilian casualties
French and Indian War
1754-1763 in N America - Britain vs France - The N American theater of worldwide Seven Years’ War - British victory - France cedes New France east of the Mississippi to Britain, retaining St Pierre y Miquelon, y transfers Louisiana to Spain
Spanish–American War
4/25/1898 - 8/12/1898 - The result of US intervention in the Cuban War of Independence - US victory resulting in gains of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, y the Philippines
American Revolutionary War
4/19/1775-9/03/1783 - USA, France, Spain, Netherlands vs Britain - Started in April 1775 when fighting broke out between Massachusetts militia units y British regulars at Lexington y Concord - Siege of Yorktown (1781) ended British chances, y lead to Treaty of Paris (1783)
War of 1812
6/18/1812-2/18/1815 - USA vs British Empire, Spain - Sea battles in Atlantic, land battles in Canada - Ended in stalemate, no boundary changes
Thirty Years’ War
1618-1648 primarily in Germany - Hapsburg States (Austria, Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Bohemia) vs Anti-Hapsburg States (France, everyone else) - 8 mil total casualties - Started as Protestant vs Catholic - Ended with Peace of Westphalia
Wars of the Roses
1455-1487 - Series of dynastic wars for the throne of England - Fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the houses of Lancaster and York - Final Lancastrian victory led to Henry VII and start of House of Tudor
War of the Austrian Succession
1740-48 in Europe, N America, India - Habsburgs, British, Dutch vs French, Prussian, Spanish - Fought over the question of Maria Theresa’s succession to the realms of the House of Habsburg - Result: she took the throne
Yom Kippur War
Oct 6-25, 1973 - Israel vs Egypt y Syria - Golda Meir vs Anwar Sadat y Hafez al-Assad - Mostly fought in Sinai y Golan Heights - Israeli victory; political gains for Egypt - Ended with Camp David Accords - Approx. 25,000 casualties on both sides
English Civil War
1642-1651 - Fought between Parliamentarians (“Roundheads”) and Royalists (“Cavaliers”) - Parliamentary victory led to execution of King Charles I and establishment of the republican Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell
Hundred Years’ War
1337-1453 France vs England - A series of conflicts waged between the House of Plantagenet, rulers of England, against the House of Valois, rulers of France, for control of France - Resulted in English loss of all French territory
Lebanese Civil War
1975-1990 - Conflict between Sunnis y Shias, Christians y Muslims, y the involvement of Syria, Israel, y the PLO - Southern Lebanon eventually occupied by Israel, most of country occupied by Syria - Hezbollah formed by Shias - Mostly ended by 1989 Taif Agreement - 250k casualties
Boxer Rebellion
1899-1901 Eight-Nation Alliance of UK, Russia, USA, Japan, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy vs the Yihetuan (Militia United in Righteousness, or the Boxers) y the Imperial Army of the Qing Dynasty - Motivated by the Boxers’ proto-nationalist sentiments y opposition to Western colonialism y Christian missionary activity - Resulted in Alliance victory y massive reparations paid by China over the next few decades
An Lushan Rebellion (安史之乱 - An Shi Zhi Luan)
755-763 - Tang Dynasty vs Yan Dynasty led by rebel Sogdian general An Lushan - Started when An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China - Spanned the reigns of 3 Tang emperors before it was finally quashed, resulting in the fall of Yan y weakening of Tang - Casualty estimates range from 13mil (5% of world population) to 36mil (17%)
Taiping Rebellion
1850-1871 - Qing Dynasty vs Taiping Heavenly Kingdom - Hakka leader Hong Xiuquan declared himself the younger brother of Jesus Christ, y formed the God Worshipping Society, which aimed to overthrow the ruling Manchus, y desired wholesale transformation and reformation of the state - Casualty estimates range from 20-30mil dead, making it the largest conflict of the 19th century, y one of the bloodiest of all time
Soviet-Afghan War
1979-89 in Afghanistan - Soviet Union y communist Afghan Government vs Afghan Mujaheddin y other guerrilla fighters backed by USA y Pakistan - Soviet defeat resulted in withdrawal y continuation of the Afghan Civil War - Soviet invasion heavily condemned by UN, y resulted in US led boycott of 1980 Olympics - 65k Soviet casualties, 150k Mujaheddin, 1 mil civilians killed
Bosnian War
1992-95 in Bosnia y Herzegovina - Part of the longer Yugoslav Wars (1991-99) - Muslim Bosniak y Catholic Croat forces vs Orthodox Serb forces supported by the Serbian govt of Slobodan Milošević - Fought after breakup of Yugoslavia for control of Bosnia - Ended in stalemate with the Dayton Accords (1995) - Deadliest conflict, y first genocide, in Europe after WWII - 100k casualties
Mexican-American War
1846-48 in TX y Mexico - USA led by James Polk, Gen. Zachary Taylor, y Gen. Winfield Scott vs Mexico led by Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna - Fought over the American annexation of Texas in 1845 - American victory resulted in Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, y Mexican recognition of American sovereignty over TX - 5,000 Mexican soldiers killed in battle, 1,700 American
Mau Mau Uprising
1952-60 in British Kenya - Kenya Land y Freedom Army (KLFA, aka Mau Mau) vs white European colonist-settlers in Kenya y the British Army - The capture of Field Marshal Dedan Kimathi in 1956 led to suppression of the uprising, but Kenya would achieve independence in 1963 - 12k Mau Mau casualties vs 700 British
