Organizations/Armies

Question 1

Teutonic Order

Answer 1

1190-present - Aka Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem - German medieval military order, originally to aid pilgrims in Holy Land, not entirely military - Established hospitals - Now a purely religious Catholic order in Vienna - Symbol: black cross on white

Question 2

Knights Templar

Answer 2

Aka Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ y of the Temple of Solomon - Powerful Western Christian military order - Existed 1119-1312, originally to protect pilgrims after early Crusade victory in Holy Land - Became banking y finance org, very prominent in Middle Ages Europe society - Symbol: red cross on white

Question 3

Hezbollah

Answer 3

Shia Islamist paramilitary group y political party in Lebanon - Formed in 1982 during Lebanese Civil War to fight against Western influences y create an Islamic state in Lebanon - Often attacks Israel’s northern border - Funded by Iran y Syria

Question 4

Knights Hospitaller (Sovereign Military Order of Malta)

Answer 4

1099-present - Aka Order of the Knights of Saint John - Medieval Catholic order charged with helping and defending the Holy Land - Built Amalfitan Hospital in Jerusalem - Moved to Rhodes, Malta, then Rome - Symbol is white cross on red - Now called Sovereign Military Order of Malta, y is given its own sovereign territory in Rome - Has current international relations with many countries - World’s oldest surviving chivalric order