Wars Flashcards

Question

Third Anglo-Dutch War consequences

Answer 1

Parliament forced Charles to make peace, reinstated Treaty of Westminster

Answer 2

England Spain France Portugal Holy Roman Empire

Answer 3

- Death of the King of Spain, Charles II - He had no heirs, which gave Louis XIV an opportunity to unite France and Spain - Unity was a major imbalance of power, so Louis XIV faced major opposition from European powers

Answer 4

- Louis invaded Spain and began to take land for his own - War was fought in the Spanish Netherlands and in the Americas

Answer 5

- Spain fell into Civil War - Cruisers and Convoys Act 1708, the British navy was duty bound to police trade routes and protect merchant fleets from privateers, pirates or the Spanish - France dominated the Mediterranean Sea, which was a obstacle to English and Indian/ Middle Eastern trade - Two-power standard policy implemented, meant that British naval fleet was twice the size of the next two largest combined

Answer 6

1702-1713, part of War of Spanish Succession

Answer 7

England France Spain Native Americans

Answer 8

- Fur trade - Disputes with the French in control of the Hudson Bay area

Answer 9

- Raids between Carolina and Spanish Florida, which led to the decimation of the Indian population - The New English colonies fought against the French Indian forces in Acadia and Canada - Newfoundland British and French raided each other’s settlements

Answer 10

- Treaty of Utrecht 1713 - British took control of the Nova Scotia peninsula, which was previously French populated, French were allowed to keep their Catholic faith - British took Newfoundland, sign of their domination over the Atlantic sea coast - Awarded the Hudson Bay area alongside its lucrative fur trade - British received the French half of St. Kitts and in addition, were granted an asiento to transport 4800 slaves per year to South America + were allowed to take one ship to trade normal commodities with the Spain - Britain established foothold in Minorca and Gibraltar

Answer 11

France Britain Netherlands Italy Spain Fighting in the Americas and West Indies

Answer 12

- Succession of Maria Theresa of Austria, prospect of a female empress not received well - Louis XV took control of Austria through military force - English and Dutch united against France

Answer 13

- Jacobite Rebellion in England 1745 - Carnatic Wars in India - King George’s and Jenkin’s Ear Wars

Answer 14

- Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle 1748 - Essentially ensured that everything returned to the way it was prior to the war - status quo antebellum - Accepted that Maria Theresa would become Empress of Austria

Answer 15

1744 - 1748, part of War of AS

Answer 16

New France Britain America

Answer 17

- Fought for control over the fur trade and river access - Each side wanted more dominance in the Americas and Europe, main aim was more dominance in key geographical areas

Answer 18

- Native Americans fought on both sides - Each side tried to capture each other’s forts and worked upon military rival expeditions

Answer 19

- Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle 1748 - Ensured that Britain Louisburg and the French returned Madras - Many colonists were angry and lives had been lost in the capture of Louisburg, so to see it back in French hands made them furious - Feelings were worsened by the promise of more troops never materialising

Answer 20

Spain England Fought in the Caribbean

Answer 21

The British had been given permission to trade in the Caribbean due to the Treaty of Utrecht. This caused tensions.  

Answer 22

- Capture of Porto Bello by Admiral Edward Vernon in 1739 - Robert Jenkins displayed his severed ear to parliament and blamed the Spanish

Answer 23

- Public disappointment due to France supporting Spain. They thought gains could be made and a foothold in American trade would happen – it didn’t.  - Left to colonial troops, put on the back burner. European wars were clearly more important to the British government.

Answer 24

India France England

Answer 25

- A wider attempt to gain global control and control of shipping - The central Mogul power was breaking down causing tension in Indian society - A breakdown of peace between French and British merchants

Answer 26

1746: The French captured Madras, followed by Adyar. The Navies played large parts. 

Answer 27

Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle settled the conflict.   Indian troops and European weapons technology was a potent combination, seen in the French victory.   The Naval superiority of the British and their two-power standard was beginning to show. This put French traders at a disadvantage in the East.   These disadvantages then played a large role in the conflict in Europe, as it seriously undermined the finances of Louis and thus greatly compromised his ability to wage prolonged campaigns.

Answer 28

India Britain France

Answer 29

1749: The leader of the French EIC, Dupleix, made a bid for Southern India, supporting the Nawab of Hyderabad (Chanda Sahib). The English EIC supported a claim from a rival claimant (Muhammad Ali)

Answer 30

The French drove Ali back to Trichinopoly and besieged him there. Clive was able to take Arcot by surprise and held the city through a 50-day siege. In 1750, Ali took the throne of the Carnatic and Dupleix was sent home where he died in poverty

Answer 31

The EIC had shown it could play an effective role in the rougher sort of Indian politics. Clive returned to England but spent the money he had made, mainly trying to become and MP. He returned to India serving on the military side of the company. Dupleix had failed because he was operating on a region where profits were so small that the heavy military expenditure could not be justified. It should be noted that both the French and the British governments disapproved of the companies fighting whilst the two nations were at peace.

Answer 32

Britain France  Prussia Russia Austria

Answer 33

The commercial and imperial rivalry between Britain and France. The antagonism between Prussia (allied to Britain) and Austria (Allied to France).

Answer 34

The invasion of Saxony by Frederick the Great of Prussia. Conflict ended with land exchanges in the Treaty of Paris 1763.

Answer 35

Change in global power balances, massive impacts on world trade. There were also disputes over subsequent frontier policy and paying the wars expenses led to colonial discontent. This led ultimately to the American Revolution. Status Quo Antebellum

Answer 36

1754-1763, part of Seven Years War

Answer 37

France India Native Tribes

Answer 38

Began with a dispute of control over the Allegheny River

Answer 39

Jul 9th 1755: Britain lost the Battle of the Monongahela The British Government under Pitt was becoming tumultuous

Answer 40

Britain gained Quebec. Both countries suffered devastating long term financial consequences Doubled Britain’s national debt Elimination of French from America until the War of Independence Devastating outbreak of small pox from natives fighting with the french. Wiped out many communities. Treaty of Paris – 10th February 1763. France chose to cede their Canadian and American colonies in order to keep their Caribbean ones

Answer 41

1756-1763, part of Seven Years War

Answer 42

India Britain

Answer 43

The Nawab of Bengal (Siraj-ud-Daulah) seized Calcutta and placed a number of British survivors in what became known as the ‘Black Hole of Calcutta’.’ (123 out of 146 captured died)

Answer 44

Clive was sent to Calcutta to proceed negotiations with the Nawab who withdrew. Clive led a conspiracy against the Nawab and led his army of 3000 inro the Battle of Plassey. (1757). The Nawab’s army disintegrated and the new ruler, Mir Jafar (backed by the English) was place don the throne.

Answer 45

Mir Jafar’s generosity completely transformed the process by which the company’s employees conducted business to supplement the Company’s small retaining fee. Clive’s estimate was that the company had made £3 million out of the change of ruler. Clive became the richest man in England, with land rents of £27,000 per annum. He was awarded a rank which made him part of India’s ruling class. The EIC was far more implicated in the affairs of Bengal than had previously been the case. They did not consider themselves Empire Builders, but were drawn into local diplomacy. However, the results were not all favourable. Expenditures rose by 548,000 in 10 years as a result of being in local politics. Clive’s personal riches could also encourage privateering. Questions of legitimacy and the nature of a company being involved in politics also meant taxing questions.