Warm-Up Flashcards
Photorespiration occurs when
RuBisCo binds to oxygen instead of carbon dioxide and causes the cell to perform oxygen fixation
CAM plants can prevent photorespiration from happening through
Temporal isolation
At night, CAM plants open their stomata to
Convert carbon dioxide to malate
C4 plants use spatial isolation to
Prevent photorespiration
The conjugate acid of any base can be found by
Adding one proton to the base and increasing the charge by 1
What is Attenuation?
A form of regulatory control that bacterial operons utilize
What does attenuation control during transcription and translation?
Whether RNA polymerase translates mRNA
The trp operon is managed by
Five structural genes
What kind of operon is the trp operon?
A repressible operon usually active
What are terminal functional groups?
Carboxylic acids and aldehydes
Which phyla are pseudocoelomate?
Nematoda + Rotifera
Which phyla can reproduce parthenogenetically?
Rotifera
Cnidaria have how many germ layers?
Two
Echinodermata are bilateral in what stage?
Larvae
Echinodermata are radial in what stage?
Adult
What provides structural support to plants?
Ground tissue
What are the three types of ground tissue?
- Parenchyma
- Collenchyma
- Sclerenchyma
What tissues provides the main structural support of the plant?
Sclerenchyma
How are the cell walls of the ground tissue Sclerenchyma?
Very thick
Collenchyma provides extra support to the plant, especially in places where
The plant is growing
How are the cell walls of the ground tissue Collenchyma?
Irregular
What is the function of the ground tissue Parenchyma?
It acts as “filler” tissue and make up the bulk of the ground
How are the cell walls of the ground tissue Parenchyma?
The thinnest of all ground tissue
What are the transport tissues within plants?
Phloem and xylem
What does Phloem transport?
Sugar
What does Xylem transport?
Water
Charles’ Law states that
Volume and temperature are directly related
What are Bryophytes?
Small and short nonvascular plants that grow horizontally
Do Bryophytes have roots?
No
What are examples of Bryophytes?
Mosses, hornworts and liverworts
What are rhizoids?
Small hair-like projections, which help in water absorption and provide minor anchorage
The latent phase of a twitch contraction describes the period where
AP spreads over sarcolemma and down the T-tubule
What happens once AP goes down T-Tubule?
The sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium into the sarcoplasma
Tension in the muscles decreases during the
Relaxation phase
The relaxation phase is when the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Pumps Ca2+ into itself
The H-zones begin to shrink and myosin binding sites are revealed in the
Contraction phase
What secretes calcitonin?
The parafollicular cells of the thyroid
Calcitonin functions to
Decrease blood calcium levels
Alpha cells secrete
Glucagon
Beta cells secrete
Insulin
Delta cells secrete
Somatostatin
What does LH stimulate?
Ovulation
Corpus luteum produces the
Female sex hormones
The ΔH°rxn is negative, so the reaction is
Exothermic
