Warfare Through Time 1250-1500 Flashcards
Why did muskets replace the long bow?
One reason was because it was quicker to train a man with a musket (which took a couple weeks) than a longbow ( which took a couple years)
Armour improved, steel armour developed at the end of the 15th century and arrows wasn’t effective, muskets bullets could penetrate it as it was more powerful.
Historians estimate that an arrow from a long bow had a force of 150 joules but a musket had a force of 2700 joules which is nearly 20x the power.
Development of the muskets bayonet.
Plug Bayonet
- Fitted down the barrel of the musket
- soldier could not fire
- wasn’t secure
Ring Bayonet
- fixed to outside of barrel by 2 rings
- soldier could fire when bayonet was fitted
- fitting was not secure and bayonet often slipped off or broke.
Socket Bayonet
- fitted over the outside of the barrel and had a locking system
- first used in the mid 1690’s
Hierarchy of Feudal system
King
Noble
Knight
Peasants
Role of The king
Completely control under the feudal system
Owned all the land - decided who he gives land to
Role of the nobles/barons
Given high rank by the king who had land and power
Responsible for a certain amount of land
Role of the knights
Fought for king and country
Role of peasants
Did all the work, like farming
How did the feudal system recruit soldiers?
Demand that all men of England should be ready to serve the king for 40 days, equipped with weapons, as troops in the infantry. They had to pay not to fight.
Key facts of Battle of Agincourt, 1415
Henry’s army - 8,000 troops at Agincourt : 2,000 men-at-arms and 6,000 archers
French’s army - consisted of 15000 troops: 10,000 heavily armoured cavalry and only 5,000 infantry.
Henry’s March across France
- march to Calais, rather than sail, to show the French he was not scared of them.
- Dysentery, a disease known as ‘the bloody flux’ - Henry’s marched into his 3rd week, his men became ill, weak and tired.
English -Mainly used the longbows
French- knights
Reasons for English winning
- Positioning of armies
- French tactics relied to much of cavalry
- french indiscipline- cavalry badly coordinated with infantry
- Longbow - English could fire up to 100,000 arrows per minute at the French attack
Key facts on the battle of Falkirk, 1298
English v Scottish
- English Army
- 2000 cavalry
- 12000 infantry, including 5000 longbow archers and 500 crossbow men.
- French Army
- 500 cavalry
- 9500 infantry, including 1500 longbow archers
Role of Edward I
- Planning was admirable
- bold decision to attack, Edward forced Wallace to fight in a position where his flanks were undefended
Role of William Wallace
- use of schilitrons nearly worked
- good position choice (slope,marsh,woods)
- failed to protect flanks
- cavalry and archers useless
Key facts on the battle of Falkirk, 1298
English v Scottish
- English Army
- 2000 cavalry
- 12000 infantry, including 5000 longbow archers and 500 crossbow men.
- French Army
- 500 cavalry
- 9500 infantry, including 1500 longbow archers
Role of Edward I
- Planning was admirable
- bold decision to attack, Edward forced Wallace to fight in a position where his flanks were undefended
Role of William Wallace
- use of schilitrons nearly worked
- good position choice (slope,marsh,woods)
- failed to protect flanks
- cavalry and archers useless
Key facts on the battle of Falkirk, 1298
English v Scottish
- English Army
- 2000 cavalry
- 12000 infantry, including 5000 longbow archers and 500 crossbow men.
- French Army
- 500 cavalry
- 9500 infantry, including 1500 longbow archers
Role of Edward I
- Planning was admirable
- bold decision to attack, Edward forced Wallace to fight in a position where his flanks were undefended
Role of William Wallace
- use of schilitrons nearly worked
- good position choice (slope,marsh,woods)
- failed to protect flanks
- cavalry and archers useless
Key facts on the battle of Falkirk, 1298
English v Scottish
- English Army
- 2000 cavalry
- 12000 infantry, including 5000 longbow archers and 500 crossbow men.
- French Army
- 500 cavalry
- 9500 infantry, including 1500 longbow archers
Role of Edward I
- Planning was admirable
- bold decision to attack, Edward forced Wallace to fight in a position where his flanks were undefended
Role of William Wallace
- use of schilitrons nearly worked
- good position choice (slope,marsh,woods)
- failed to protect flanks
- cavalry and archers useless
Key facts on the battle of Falkirk, 1298
English v Scottish
- English Army
- 2000 cavalry
- 12000 infantry, including 5000 longbow archers and 500 crossbow men.
- French Army
- 500 cavalry
- 9500 infantry, including 1500 longbow archers
Role of Edward I
- Planning was admirable
- bold decision to attack, Edward forced Wallace to fight in a position where his flanks were undefended
Role of William Wallace
- use of schilitrons nearly worked
- good position choice (slope,marsh,woods)
- failed to protect flanks
- cavalry and archers useless
Key facts on the battle of Falkirk, 1298
English v Scottish
- English Army
- 2000 cavalry
- 12000 infantry, including 5000 longbow archers and 500 crossbow men.
- French Army
- 500 cavalry
- 9500 infantry, including 1500 longbow archers
Role of Edward I
- Planning was admirable
- bold decision to attack, Edward forced Wallace to fight in a position where his flanks were undefended
Role of William Wallace
- use of schilitrons nearly worked
- good position choice (slope,marsh,woods)
- failed to protect flanks
- cavalry and archers useless
