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Warfare And London Flashcards

1
Q

Impact of the blitz

A

400 killed, 1600 injured. Used to soften up london before invasion

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2
Q

What happened to London

A

Fires started + high explosives + mines. Schools used as shelters

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3
Q

South hallsville school disaster

A

1000 moved to south hallsville. Evacuation failed and 700 killed causing great controversey

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4
Q

Balham station

A

4th october 1940- water + gas flooded the tunnels. 66 died due to drowning

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5
Q

Bethnal green

A

3rd march 1943- 173 died due to crush- panic spread to crowds. Deadliest civillian incident

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6
Q

Mickey’s shelter reveals?

A

That the government was slow to improve things and its only when those shelters were made when they decided to impliment more rules

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7
Q

Why was governemnt concerned about moral?

A

England was relying on civilians for income and with low moral, not enough income would go for war effort

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8
Q

Propoganda?

A

Minsitry of information responsible for it. Kept moral high, warned abour spies and stressed importance of war effort

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9
Q

Whats the v1

A

A german pilotless areoplane

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10
Q

Whats the v2

A

The first ballistic missile, very fast so impossible to stop

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11
Q

Depford nov 1944

A

Biggest v1 v2 attack- 160 killed and 200 injured

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12
Q

How did blitz disrupt work?

A

Buildings
Transport
Rationing of businesses
Employee hours cut to get to shelters
Profits fell

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13
Q

How did blitz disrupt leisure

A

Cinema and theatee closed for a bit
Newsreels censored
Pubs and drink shortages

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14
Q

London’s response to the blitz?

A

Royal family stayed in london
Government stayed also- underground hq so that the country couod still run

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15
Q

Why was it important that the royal family stayed in London?

A

To show to everyone that they are going through this together

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16
Q

How did Londoners try to act normal?

A

Pro football began again
Protecting art- taken out of london
Protecting buildings- st pauls watch
Dance halls- extremely popular
Cinemas reopened- propoganda
Pubs- important for moral
Theatre’s reopened

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17
Q

Dig for victory propoganda?

A

Governemnt encouraged people to grow their own food

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18
Q

Dig for victory stats?

A

Before war- 700,000 plots
After war- 2 million plots
East end used bomb sites to grow food as people less likely to have garderns there
Victoria park- used for veg and pig farm

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19
Q

Composition of army 1250-1500

A

Cavalry- lances and spears
Infantry- swords, daggers, battle axes, pikes (some had bows and crossbows)
Upper class- generally cavalry
Comand depended on social position

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20
Q

Tactics 1250-1500

A

Limited warfare
Castles essential part of strategy
Cavalry- mounted charges, route and chase
Infantry- shield wall, archers, melle

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21
Q

Impact on new weapons 1250-1500

A

Pikes used differently (schiltrons)
Some had bows and crossbows
Longbows- more powerful, more range, better rate of fire
Cannons and firearms not used extensively

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22
Q

Nature changes 1250-1500

A

Longbows and use of pikes decreased importance of mounted knights

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23
Q

Nature continuety 1250-1500

A

Size of armies stayed the same, limited warfare continued

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24
Q

Recruitment 1250-1500

A

Fuedal system- most troops were fuedal knights
Assize of arms- form of tax, buy and maintain your own weapons and recruitment
Many paid shield money to not go to war
Society changed- feudal system broke down- recruitment changes
Payment of troops more common

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25
Impact on civilians 1250-1500
Increase in tax Suffered threat of plunder- stuff might be taken/bought of you by armies Men forced to fight under feudal system
26
Experience changes 1250-1500
Recruitment different Cost of wars impacted civilians
27
Experience continuety 1250-1500
Assize of arms used to 1500 Plunder continued to be a threat
28
Falkirk 1298
William wallace (s) vs Edward I (E). Scotish rebellion English victory Schiltrons effective against cavalry however longbows dominated the battlefield and won
29
Agincourt 1451
Hundred years war. Henry V (E) vs northan France (F) English victory Showed dominace of longbow, french relied too muvh on cavalry. Seiges important. Henry V military leadership
30
Composition 1500-1700
Changes in tactics and weapons- less reliance on cavalry Infantry units became pikemen and musketeers
31
Tactics 1500-1700
Infantry tactics using musketeers and pikemen together Cavalry used as scouts (integrated part of the army)
32
Impact of new weapons 1500-1700
Longhows to musketeers in 1500s Musketeers adapted with bayonets Artillery's- more used Guns lighter and easier to transport Cannons more reliable
33
Nature changes in 1500-1700
Artillery's used more Firearms (match/flint lock) improved by 1750
34
Nature continuety in 1500-1700
Armies being a mix of cavalry, infantry and artillery Command based on social position
35
Recruitment and training 1500-1700
Militia system set up Organised by Lord liutenents with general musters (similar to assize of arms) Training improved- new model army New model army played a big role in politics
36
Impact of civilians 1500-1700
Civil war = big influence on english civilians More damage
37
Experience changes 1500-1700
More civilians directly impacted, new model army more professional
38
Experience continuety 1500-1700
Fear of plunder remained Men still forced to join armies
39
Battle of naseby 1645
New model army- created by cromwell Met at naseby near leicester Parliamenterian victory
40
Why did parliment win naseby 1645
Royalist = overconfident Parliment = more troops, better trained and disciplined Royalist flee and cavalry chased them back to leicester
41
Importance of leadership on the battle of naseby 1645
Cromwell (and fairfax) were inspirational and effective leaders Cromwell recruited and trained the best cavalry His leadership was vital in the battle
42
Battle of naseby overview
Naseby showed the balue of training, discipline and leadership Gave parliment victory
43
Composition of army 1700-1900
Ratio of cavalry:infantry changed all the time- no specific pattern Cavalry in slow decline Growth of standing army accelerated Cardwell reforms- offciers were premoted based on skill
44
Tactics 1700-1900
Infantry became more manouverable- musket fire and marching improved Improvement in weapons increases power of deffence
45
Impacts of new weapons 1700-1900
Imdustrial revolution- lighter field artillery Minie bullets and rifles After 1850- science, tech, and industry caused changes Mass production of weapons (cannons,rifles,machine guns)
46
Nature change 1700-1900
Industrial and technological changes
47
Nature continuity 1700-1900
Artillery used Cavalry still valued
48
Recruitment and training 1700-1900
Standing army created by 1700 1850- big problems with recruitment and quality of officers Cardwell reforms- army more professional Rations improved, flogging ended Officers premoted on merit/skill
49
Experience on civilians 1700-1900
Impact relatively small Little physical impact Taxation Increase press coverage = more aware of war News of war premoted changes in attitudes in society
50
Waterloo 1850
Wellington(E) vs Napoleon(F). English victory Wellington used defensive positions, deployed infantry in squares. Napoleon is indecisive. Wellingtons leadership won the english
51
Balaclava 1854
Crimean war vs russia Thin red line, charge of the heavy brigade Disasterous and unnecessary charge of light brigade. Problems with leadership (logan raglan) and tactics
52
Composition of army 1900-2024
Army's grew very large during world wars Cavalry replaced by tanks Aircraft and tanks 55% of army now specialist troops
53
Tactics 1900-2024
New weaponary = change in tactics WW1- artillery, gas, trench warfare WW2- blitxkrieg, radar, anti air, area bombing Nuclear weapons, high tech equipment More asymmetric wars than guerrilla warfare
54
Impact of new weapons 1900-2024
Changes in weapons = constant and rapid between ww1 and ww2 Tanks, aircraft, motorised transport= huge changes in warfare Nukes Bomber aircraft- targets more accurate and efficient Radar Stealth and fighter jets Rifles with laser aim and telescope sights
55
Nature changes 1900-2024
World wars had big impact Weapon development speed increased
56
Nature continuety 1900-2024
Army's relatively small during peacetime Infantry confronts enemy on ground
57
Recruitment and training 1900-2024
Conscription introduced from 1916-18 Conscription introduced again 1939 National service. All men had to complete military training Woman accepted to army Level of training improved
58
Experience on civilians 1900-2024
More civilians enlisted and killed Defence of the realm act- gave governemnt control over people's lives Civilians became targets Rationing and limited supplies Homelessness Fear of nuclear war
59
Somme 1916 WW1
To break stalemate on western front Nobody won, heavy british casualties Massive allied bombardment failed, attacking troops mown down, 5 months with little ground gained
60
Iraq war 2003
US and UK to remove saddam hussein. Hussein removed and iraq occupied. Shock and awe, coaltion effective, example of asymmetric warfare, high tech weapons

History (2 decks)

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