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History > Warfare And London > Flashcards

Warfare And London Flashcards

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1
Q

Impact of the blitz

A

400 killed, 1600 injured. Used to soften up london before invasion

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2
Q

What happened to London

A

Fires started + high explosives + mines. Schools used as shelters

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3
Q

South hallsville school disaster

A

1000 moved to south hallsville. Evacuation failed and 700 killed causing great controversey

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4
Q

Balham station

A

4th october 1940- water + gas flooded the tunnels. 66 died due to drowning

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5
Q

Bethnal green

A

3rd march 1943- 173 died due to crush- panic spread to crowds. Deadliest civillian incident

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6
Q

Mickey’s shelter reveals?

A

That the government was slow to improve things and its only when those shelters were made when they decided to impliment more rules

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7
Q

Why was governemnt concerned about moral?

A

England was relying on civilians for income and with low moral, not enough income would go for war effort

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8
Q

Propoganda?

A

Minsitry of information responsible for it. Kept moral high, warned abour spies and stressed importance of war effort

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9
Q

Whats the v1

A

A german pilotless areoplane

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10
Q

Whats the v2

A

The first ballistic missile, very fast so impossible to stop

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11
Q

Depford nov 1944

A

Biggest v1 v2 attack- 160 killed and 200 injured

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12
Q

How did blitz disrupt work?

A

Buildings
Transport
Rationing of businesses
Employee hours cut to get to shelters
Profits fell

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13
Q

How did blitz disrupt leisure

A

Cinema and theatee closed for a bit
Newsreels censored
Pubs and drink shortages

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14
Q

London’s response to the blitz?

A

Royal family stayed in london
Government stayed also- underground hq so that the country couod still run

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15
Q

Why was it important that the royal family stayed in London?

A

To show to everyone that they are going through this together

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16
Q

How did Londoners try to act normal?

A

Pro football began again
Protecting art- taken out of london
Protecting buildings- st pauls watch
Dance halls- extremely popular
Cinemas reopened- propoganda
Pubs- important for moral
Theatre’s reopened

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17
Q

Dig for victory propoganda?

A

Governemnt encouraged people to grow their own food

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18
Q

Dig for victory stats?

A

Before war- 700,000 plots
After war- 2 million plots
East end used bomb sites to grow food as people less likely to have garderns there
Victoria park- used for veg and pig farm

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19
Q

Composition of army 1250-1500

A

Cavalry- lances and spears
Infantry- swords, daggers, battle axes, pikes (some had bows and crossbows)
Upper class- generally cavalry
Comand depended on social position

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20
Q

Tactics 1250-1500

A

Limited warfare
Castles essential part of strategy
Cavalry- mounted charges, route and chase
Infantry- shield wall, archers, melle

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21
Q

Impact on new weapons 1250-1500

A

Pikes used differently (schiltrons)
Some had bows and crossbows
Longbows- more powerful, more range, better rate of fire
Cannons and firearms not used extensively

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22
Q

Nature changes 1250-1500

A

Longbows and use of pikes decreased importance of mounted knights

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23
Q

Nature continuety 1250-1500

A

Size of armies stayed the same, limited warfare continued

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24
Q

Recruitment 1250-1500

A

Fuedal system- most troops were fuedal knights
Assize of arms- form of tax, buy and maintain your own weapons and recruitment
Many paid shield money to not go to war
Society changed- feudal system broke down- recruitment changes
Payment of troops more common

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25
Q

Impact on civilians 1250-1500

A

Increase in tax
Suffered threat of plunder- stuff might be taken/bought of you by armies
Men forced to fight under feudal system

26
Q

Experience changes 1250-1500

A

Recruitment different
Cost of wars impacted civilians

27
Q

Experience continuety 1250-1500

A

Assize of arms used to 1500
Plunder continued to be a threat

28
Q

Falkirk 1298

A

William wallace (s) vs Edward I (E). Scotish rebellion
English victory
Schiltrons effective against cavalry however longbows dominated the battlefield and won

29
Q

Agincourt 1451

A

Hundred years war. Henry V (E) vs northan France (F)
English victory
Showed dominace of longbow, french relied too muvh on cavalry. Seiges important. Henry V military leadership

30
Q

Composition 1500-1700

A

Changes in tactics and weapons- less reliance on cavalry
Infantry units became pikemen and musketeers

31
Q

Tactics 1500-1700

A

Infantry tactics using musketeers and pikemen together
Cavalry used as scouts (integrated part of the army)

32
Q

Impact of new weapons 1500-1700

A

Longhows to musketeers in 1500s
Musketeers adapted with bayonets
Artillery’s- more used
Guns lighter and easier to transport
Cannons more reliable

33
Q

Nature changes in 1500-1700

A

Artillery’s used more
Firearms (match/flint lock) improved by 1750

34
Q

Nature continuety in 1500-1700

A

Armies being a mix of cavalry, infantry and artillery
Command based on social position

35
Q

Recruitment and training 1500-1700

A

Militia system set up
Organised by Lord liutenents with general musters (similar to assize of arms)
Training improved- new model army
New model army played a big role in politics

36
Q

Impact of civilians 1500-1700

A

Civil war = big influence on english civilians
More damage

37
Q

Experience changes 1500-1700

A

More civilians directly impacted, new model army more professional

38
Q

Experience continuety 1500-1700

A

Fear of plunder remained
Men still forced to join armies

39
Q

Battle of naseby 1645

A

New model army- created by cromwell
Met at naseby near leicester
Parliamenterian victory

40
Q

Why did parliment win naseby 1645

A

Royalist = overconfident
Parliment = more troops, better trained and disciplined
Royalist flee and cavalry chased them back to leicester

41
Q

Importance of leadership on the battle of naseby 1645

A

Cromwell (and fairfax) were inspirational and effective leaders
Cromwell recruited and trained the best cavalry
His leadership was vital in the battle

42
Q

Battle of naseby overview

A

Naseby showed the balue of training, discipline and leadership
Gave parliment victory

43
Q

Composition of army 1700-1900

A

Ratio of cavalry:infantry changed all the time- no specific pattern
Cavalry in slow decline
Growth of standing army accelerated
Cardwell reforms- offciers were premoted based on skill

44
Q

Tactics 1700-1900

A

Infantry became more manouverable- musket fire and marching improved
Improvement in weapons increases power of deffence

45
Q

Impacts of new weapons 1700-1900

A

Imdustrial revolution- lighter field artillery
Minie bullets and rifles
After 1850- science, tech, and industry caused changes
Mass production of weapons (cannons,rifles,machine guns)

46
Q

Nature change 1700-1900

A

Industrial and technological changes

47
Q

Nature continuity 1700-1900

A

Artillery used
Cavalry still valued

48
Q

Recruitment and training 1700-1900

A

Standing army created by 1700
1850- big problems with recruitment and quality of officers
Cardwell reforms- army more professional
Rations improved, flogging ended
Officers premoted on merit/skill

49
Q

Experience on civilians 1700-1900

A

Impact relatively small
Little physical impact
Taxation
Increase press coverage = more aware of war
News of war premoted changes in attitudes in society

50
Q

Waterloo 1850

A

Wellington(E) vs Napoleon(F).
English victory
Wellington used defensive positions, deployed infantry in squares. Napoleon is indecisive. Wellingtons leadership won the english

51
Q

Balaclava 1854

A

Crimean war vs russia
Thin red line, charge of the heavy brigade
Disasterous and unnecessary charge of light brigade. Problems with leadership (logan raglan) and tactics

52
Q

Composition of army 1900-2024

A

Army’s grew very large during world wars
Cavalry replaced by tanks
Aircraft and tanks
55% of army now specialist troops

53
Q

Tactics 1900-2024

A

New weaponary = change in tactics
WW1- artillery, gas, trench warfare
WW2- blitxkrieg, radar, anti air, area bombing
Nuclear weapons, high tech equipment
More asymmetric wars than guerrilla warfare

54
Q

Impact of new weapons 1900-2024

A

Changes in weapons = constant and rapid between ww1 and ww2
Tanks, aircraft, motorised transport= huge changes in warfare
Nukes
Bomber aircraft- targets more accurate and efficient
Radar
Stealth and fighter jets
Rifles with laser aim and telescope sights

55
Q

Nature changes 1900-2024

A

World wars had big impact
Weapon development speed increased

56
Q

Nature continuety 1900-2024

A

Army’s relatively small during peacetime
Infantry confronts enemy on ground

57
Q

Recruitment and training 1900-2024

A

Conscription introduced from 1916-18
Conscription introduced again 1939
National service. All men had to complete military training
Woman accepted to army
Level of training improved

58
Q

Experience on civilians 1900-2024

A

More civilians enlisted and killed
Defence of the realm act- gave governemnt control over people’s lives
Civilians became targets
Rationing and limited supplies
Homelessness
Fear of nuclear war

59
Q

Somme 1916 WW1

A

To break stalemate on western front
Nobody won, heavy british casualties
Massive allied bombardment failed, attacking troops mown down, 5 months with little ground gained

60
Q

Iraq war 2003

A

US and UK to remove saddam hussein.
Hussein removed and iraq occupied.
Shock and awe, coaltion effective, example of asymmetric warfare, high tech weapons

History (2 decks)

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