Warfare

Question 1

What are infantry, archers, mounted kingths and mercenaries?

Answer 1

Infantry: Soldiers on foot.
Archer: foot soldiers who used long bows
Mountedknight: fought on horseback
Mercenaries: soldiers paid to fight

Question 2

What were the crusades

Answer 2

Series of religeous wars between christians and muslims in the 12th and 13th century in the holy land trying to defend jerusalem

Question 3

What impact did invasions have on civilians?

Answer 3

Armies terrorised and captured civilians and destroyed crops, livestock, and homes.

Question 4

How were civilians treated by knights during invasions?

Answer 4

Knights treated civilians cruelly, often killing them without reason.

Question 5

What is an indenture?

Answer 5

Contract between the King and a knight, stating how much the knight will be paid.

Question 6

What is the Assize of Arms?

Answer 6

Method of recruiting soldiers where the wealthiest had to give more support to the King.

Question 7

What is a Feudal Summons?

Answer 7

Requirement for all barons who received land from the King to fight for 40 days.

Question 8

What is a General Summons?

Answer 8

All knights asked to volunteer to fight.

Question 9

What are the three types of bows mentioned?

Answer 9

• Recurve bows
• Crossbows
• Longbows

Question 10

How was gunpowder and cannons used?

Answer 10

Handguns used gunpowder to fire stone balls using gunpowder.
Cannons fired balls of stone but were prone to burst

Question 11

Describe the Battle of Agincourt in 1415

Answer 11

Henry Vs forces arrive in Normandy to expand english territory
Henry V’s forces were outnumbered 5 to 1 but won.

Question 12

What were the estimated losses for the English and French at Agincourt?

Answer 12

• English: 400 lives
• French: 6,000 lives

Question 13

List the weapons used in from 1250-1500

Answer 13

Swords, bows, spears, trebuchets

Question 14

What are schiltrons?

Answer 14

Groups of men protected by shields and long spears.

Question 15

What happened at the Battle of Falkirk in 1298?

Answer 15

Wallace’s forces were outnumbered and defeated by the English.

Question 16

How did Wallace’s forces position themselves at the Battle of Falkirk?

Answer 16

In 4 schiltrons, protected by cavalry and archers.

Question 17

What traditional weapons did guns replace?

Answer 17

Longbows and crossbows

Question 18

By the 1640s, what percentage of English infantry was armed with guns?

Answer 18

1/2

Question 19

What mechanism allowed handguns to be fired more easily?

Answer 19

Matchlock mechanism

Question 20

List two advantages of muskets over bows.

Answer 20

• More powerful
• More accurate
• Took less time to learn

Question 21

What was a disadvantage of early guns in wet weather?

Answer 21

The cord could not stay alight

Question 22

What was the flintlock musket?

Answer 22

1610: quicker and more reliable than matchlock muskets but expensive

Question 23

What was the snapchance pistol

Answer 23

1560s- unreliable, short range and inaccurate but could be used one handed

Question 24

What were the main recruitment methods before the Civil War?

Answer 24

Sending Commissioners of Array to recruit local men
Equipment paid for by taxes

Question 25

What changes in recruitment occurred?

Answer 25

Resorted to conscriptionconscription introduced in the civil war Numbef of men increased Propaganda pamphlets introduced

Question 26

What was the Royalist and parliament army's approximate troop count at the Battle of Naseby?

Answer 26

Royalists: 9,000 troops Parliament: 13000

Question 27

What was the outcome of the Battle of Naseby?

Answer 27

Cromwell's New Model Army were victorious

Question 28

What was the biggest portion of the army composed of by 1700?

Answer 28

Infantry

Question 29

What were dragoons in the army?

Answer 29

Mounted infantry armed with muskets

Question 30

What percentage of the army was made up of cavalry and how were they armed?

Answer 30

1/3. Armed with pistols and swords and only plate armour breast plates

Question 31

List three impacts of warfare on civilians.

Answer 31

* Requisitioning * Billeting the troops * Increased taxation

Question 32

What was the purpose of the Self-Denying Ordinance passed by Parliament in 1645?

Answer 32

To replace incompetent military leaders with experienced ones

Question 33

What was the New Model Army?

Answer 33

Set up by parliament Troops better paid, trained and discipilned National army Being more professional than previous armies

Question 34

How did infantry cannons, cavalry and artillery change from 1700-1900?

Answer 34

Infantry: muskets loaded quicker so only needed 2 lines of musketeers Cannons: easier to transport, more powerful and accurate Cavalry: used to find what enemy was doing and fight small battles Artillery: field guns lighter and pulled by horses

Question 35

What technological advancements improved rifles from 1850?

Answer 35

Minié bullets, conical bullets, percussion bullets These advancements made rifles more effective and reliable.

Question 36

What was the significance of Cardwell's Reforms?

Answer 36

Fixed term of enlistment to 12 years, merit-based officer promotion, created reserve forces, abolished flogging ## Footnote These reforms modernized the British Army's structure and discipline.

Question 37

What was the outcome of the Battle of Waterloo in 1815?

Answer 37

Wellington's army defeated Napoleon's forces ## Footnote The Prussian army's timely arrival played a crucial role in the victory.

Question 38

What notable event occurred during the Battle of Balaclava in 1854?

Answer 38

Charge of the Light Brigade, miscommunication from Raglan ## Footnote This resulted in significant casualties for the British forces without achieving the objective.

Question 39

Fill in the blank: The Crimean War lasted from _______ to _______.

Answer 39

1853 to 1856 ## Footnote This war highlighted issues in military communication and leadership.

Question 40

What impact did the Boer War (1899-1902) have on public opinion?

Answer 40

Increased literacy and newspaper popularity, exaggerated news reports This led to heightened public scrutiny of military leadership.

Question 41

What was a critical communication advancement during the Crimean War?

Answer 41

Telegraph allowed dispatches to be sent to London in 5 hours ## Footnote This rapid communication affected public perception and government accountability.

Question 42

True or False: The British Army's enlistment term was previously for life before Cardwell's Reforms.

Answer 42

True The reforms made military service more manageable for soldiers.

Question 43

What were field guns designed for during the period?

Answer 43

Lighter, pulled by horses for fluid tactics This design allowed for greater mobility on the battlefield.

Question 44

When were machine guns developed and what were their advantages ?

Answer 44

Developed in 1880s and gave troops an advantage over unarmed infantry and cavalry

Question 45

What are radars used for?

Answer 45

Sensors used to detect objects from afar

Question 46

In which war were aircraft first used?

Answer 46

WWI

Question 47

How many conscientious objectors were there in WW1 and what could have happened to them?

Answer 47

16,000 Had to make a public appeal to be allowed not to fight - many faced harsh treatment from communities. Some who refused were imprisoned for not helping with war effort.

Question 48

List the uses of surveillance from space. And when it was first used

Answer 48

1957 Spot enemy forces and identify targets Predict weather Take photos of attacks Provide communication

Question 49

What was introduced by the Military Service Act in 1916?

Answer 49

Conscription for all single men between 18 and 41

Question 50

What was the Auxiliary Territorial Service founded for in 1938?

Answer 50

To provide supporting roles for WWI such as cooks and drivers

Question 51

What was the purpose of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps established in 1917?

Answer 51

To help deal with manpower shortages

Question 52

When did National Service come into force, requiring physically fit men to serve?

Answer 52

1949

Question 53

What development in bomb disposal occurred in 1972?

Answer 53

Remote controlled robot developed to move explosives. 2000 explosive disposal specialists by 2015.

Question 54

What is a characteristic of high-tech warfare?

Answer 54

High tech weapons can be used to attack from thousands of miles away

Question 55

What types of support do troops now have in modern warfare?

Answer 55

* Tanks * Jets * Helicopters * Radio communication

Question 56

What were the British casualties on the first day of the Battle of the Somme?

Answer 56

57,000 casualties and 19,000 deaths

Question 57

What was significant about British troops' attack in the north of Somme?

Answer 57

It took Germans by surprise and was the first time Britain used tanks in combat General Haig ordered troops to be more offensive to wear down german defences

Question 58

What is guerrilla warfare and why is it difficult to fight against?

Answer 58

A tactic where weaker forces use hit and run raids Traditional weapons and tactics are harder to use against them

Question 59

What prompted the Iraq War in 2003?

Answer 59

Saddam Hussein's refusal to stop oppressing his people and cooperate with inspections

Question 60

What did George W. Bush launch following the 9/11 attacks?

Answer 60

'War on terror'