Cold War Flashcards
What year was tehran and what happened?
1943- USSR wage war on japan once gernamy is defeated. Un to be set up after war. Area of eastern Poland added to USSR
What happened at the Yalta conference and when was it?
- Divide Germany and Berlin. Allow countries liberated from Germany to have free elections. Eastern Europe would be a soviet sphere of influence
Potsdam Conference?
- Germany and Berlin to be divided and demilitarised. Democracy in Germany. Germany to pay reparations to allies
What were the telegrams
Long telegram- kennan(Us official in Moscow) recommended Us action against Soviet expansion.
Novikov telegram: soviet ambassador to USA wanted to dominate the world
What was the truman doctrine and marshall plan?
1947- truman doctrine committed the US to preventing the spread of communism. Marshall plan provided 12.7 billion between 1948-52 to countries in europe
What was cominform and comecon?
Commiform 1947 organised all communist parties in europe to block marshall plan.
Comecon 1949- economic organisation aiming to support economic growth of communist countries in eastern europe
Events of the berlin blockade
Britain france and US merged west germany in 1948. Capitalism and marshall plan was drawing people towards west from each. Staline cut off all transport links to west berlin in 1948 to starve. West responded with a 10 momth long airlift. Stalin called off blockade may 1949.
Hungarian uprising causes
Oct 1956: Lack of political freedom. Fuel shortages. Poor harvests. De stalinisation
Events Hungarian Uprising
Students and workers rioted and attacked secret police. 24th october Nany took over as prime minister intorducing denocracy, freedom of speech and religeon and leaving warsaw pact. Krushchev ordered invasion with 20000 hungarians killed and communist govornment set up.
Consequences of Hungarian uprising
Krushchev position stronger a d confirmed. 20000p hungarian refugees. Showed west would not aid Eastern europe overthrow communism. Western leaders determined to contain communism.
What was theWarsaw pact
1955- west germany joined NATO, so Stalin created an equivalent military alliance of communist countries controlled by the USSR
Causes of the construction of Berlin wall
1958 4 million east german refugees to west germany. Krushchev berlin ultimatum gave western powers 6 months to withdraw from berlin - vienna summit 1961 was re issued after being withdrawn in 1959
Constrcution of the berlin wall
13th august 1961- barbed wire fences and eventually concrete wall build between east and west germany
Oct 1961- west berlin shut off from east berlin
1961-89 140 people died attempting to cross
June 1963- kennedy visit and speech to berlin as symbol of freedom against communism
Impact of berlin wall
Reduced tension
Fewer military alerts
Created long lasting symbol of cold war
Propoganda victory for US as wall needed to stop people from escaping communism
What was the cuban revolution?
1959
Group of revolutionaries led by castro and Guevara toppled pro american cuban govornment
Usa refused to buy Cubas main export of sugar so castro makes deal with Ussr
What was the Bay of pigs?
April 1961
Usa trained and sent 1400 exiled rebels to overthrow Castro but were defeated
Cuban military was informed
Us promised air strikes which never happened
Humiliation for USA and forced castro to USSR for protection and weapons
Us appear to bully smaller country
Events of the cuban missile crisis
October 1962
American U2 spy planes took pictures of nuclear weapons in cuba
Kennedy placed US naval blockades around cuba
When USSR ships approached they stopped
Agreement was made that USSR woukd dismantle their nuclear missiles in cuba if the US did the same in turkey(without public knowledge)
Consequences of cuban missile crisis
Huge propoganda win for kennedy and US- appeared strong
Limited Test ban treaty 1963- limits on testimg of nuclear weapons
1963- direct hotline between washington and Moscow
Events of the prague spring
1967- students protest against czech leader Novotny- Brehznev refuses to get involved
April 1968- Dubcek takes charge and gives people more political freedom and reduce USSR control and has talks with non warsaw pact yugoslavia leader
Brezhnev sent troops from warsaw pact to reset authority
Impacts of prague spring
Dubcek arrested and forced to reverse all reforms
Brehznev doctrine- USSR had right ro invade any country in its sphere of influence
Condemned by west but no involvement
What was salt1
1972- restricted number of IBMs they could havebut not production of nuclear weapons
What was salt 2
Limited each to 2400 strategic nuclear weapons systems until 1985, us refused to ratify treaty due to USSR invading Aghanistan
What happened at the Helsinki conference
1975- recognition of Europes borders (west germany). More economical and cultural and scientific links. Agreed to respect citizens human rights
Events of soviet invasion of afghanistan
1978- communist leader led to civil war between mujahideen and commies
1979- Taraki assassinated and replaced
December 1979- USSR invade
Declared Karmal as president
