War on Terror Essay Quotes Flashcards
How many deaths resulted from 9/11?
2,996
When was Fukuyama’s End of History published?
1992
“What we may be witnessing is not just the passing of a particular period in modern history but the ____ of history…the end point of mankind’s _______ evolution and the _________ of Western liberal _____ as the final form of human _________”
“What we may be witnessing is not just the passing of a particular period in modern history but the end of history…the end point of mankind’s ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government” (Fukuyama, ‘The End of History?’, National Interest, 16, Summer 1989)
How many new ‘democracies’ opened in 1982-2002?
32
How many Americans died in the Vietnam War?
60,000
What did Schlesinger Jr’s The Cycles of American History (1999) argue?
Suggested swings between “deregulation, devolution and privatization” and periods in which the US takes “the lead in the search for remedies against war and terrorism and weapons of mass destruction, against poverty and disease”.
Which study suggested America was “expelled from Disneyland” after 9/11?
Morgan et al, 2011
How did Obama describe the period after 9/11 in 2011?
“evil was closer at hand, and uncertainty clouded our future”
How did Lepore describe the War on Terror?
“the war on terror became, itself, like another airplane, attacking the edifice of American law, down to its very footings, the ancient medieval foundations of trial by jury and the battle for truth”
How did CIA director George Tenet describe the post-9/11 engagement rules?
“all the rules had changed”
How did Tony Blair in October 2001 describe the post-9/11 world?
“the kaleidoscope has been shaken. The pieces are in flux. Soon they will settle again. Before they do, let us reorder the world around us”
How much was spent on funding the Iraq War?
$2 trillion
What did Ackerman suggest the War on Terror led to a revitalisation of?
“most barbarous currents in American history”
What did Ackerman suggest was being erected after 9/11?
“patriotic veil of unreality”
“[t]his ______, this war on _______, is going to take a while” (Bush)
“[t]his crusade, this war on terrorism, is going to take a while” (Bush)
Bush on 20 September 2001 said it was a “war on _______” that began with al Qaeda, “but it does not stop there. It will not end until every _______ group of global reach has been found, _______ and _______” (
Bush on 20 September 2001 said it was a “war on terror” that began with al Qaeda, “but it does not stop there. It will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped and defeated”
What did the 2002 National Security Strategy expand ‘rogue states’ to include?
Iran, North Korea, and Iraq/Afghanistan and rogue states suspected of harbouring weapons/terrorists
What did a Bush adviser tell the NYT in 2002?
The US was an “empire now, and when we act, we create our own reality” - allegedly Karl Rove.
How does Lepore describe post-truth politics?
“that all knowledge is relative, a matter of dueling political claims rather than of objective truth”
How does Greenberg (2002) suggest the Bush years were postmodern?
“The Right thus found itself in the Bush years promoting a radical epistemological relativism: the idea that established experts’ claims lacked empirical foundation and represented simply a political choice. In this position, conservatives were espousing a notion resembling that of postmodernism - or at least that strand of postmodernism that denies the possibility of objective truth claims”
Why was America targeted on 9/11, according to Bush?
Bush argued “America was targeted for attack because we’re the brightest beacon for freedom and opportunity in the world. And no one will keep that light from shining”.
When was the Authorization for the Use of Military Force Act?
18 September 2001
What did the Authorization for the Use of Military Force Act allow?
“all necessary and appropriate force”
When was the Alien and Sedition Act?
1798
Most “expect that law enforcement tools used for decades to fight ______ crime and drugs be available to protect lives and liberties from ______” (AG John Ashcroft)
Most “expect that law enforcement tools used for decades to fight organized crime and drugs be available to protect lives and liberties from terrorists” (AG John Ashcroft)
How did Ackerman in ‘Reign of Terror’ describe the effect of authoritarian measures undertaken?
The erosion of “the legal, political, cultural, and economic armor surrounding American democracy”
What did Bush’s 20 September 2001 Joint Congressional speech pledge to use (and what for?)
Bush’s 20 September joint Congressional speech pledged to “direct every resource at our command—every means of diplomacy, every tool of intelligence, every instrument of law enforcement, every financial influence, and every necessary weapon of war—to the disruption and to the defeat of the global terror network”.
