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Modern America > American Religion (Lecture) - COMPLETE > Flashcards

American Religion (Lecture) - COMPLETE Flashcards

1
Q

When was the ‘City Upon a Hill’/A Model of Christian Charity delivered?

A

21 March 1630

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2
Q

Who delivered ‘City Upon a Hill’?

A

John Winthrop

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3
Q

“We shall be as a __ upon a hill, the __ of all people are upon us”

A

“We shall be as a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us.” (John Winthrop)

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4
Q

What does Winthrop’s ‘A Model of Christian Charity’ (1630) suggest?

A

The country is chosen by a higher spirit, endowed with a particular mission to (morally) lead the world (democratically, in capitalistic terms) (exceptionalism)

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5
Q

What percentage did American Church membership reach in 1960?

A

69% (Wunthrow, The Restructuring of American Religion, 1988: 17)

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6
Q

What percentage of Americans claimed to believe in God in 1960?

A

~95% (Wunthrow, The Restructuring of American Religion, 1988: 17)

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7
Q

What percentage of Americans were engaged in private practice of prayer in 1960?

A

90% (Wunthrow, The Restructuring of American Religion, 1988: 17)

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8
Q

When was Youth for Christ established?

A

1944

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9
Q

How many attended the Soldier Field Stadium, Chicago YFC rally on 30 May 1945?

A

70,000

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10
Q

When was the Soldier Field Stadium, Chicago YFC rally?

A

30 May 1945

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11
Q

When was Billy Graham’s first nationally recognised revival in LA?

A

September-October 1949

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12
Q

How many visitors did Graham’s September-October 1949 revival attract over eight weeks?

A

350,000

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13
Q

When was the National Association of Evangelicals, under the leadership of Harold Ockenga, founded?

A

April 1942

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14
Q

Unless “the Church can produce some _____ who will lead us in _____ channels our spiral of _____ will continue ______” (Ockenga, 1943)

A

Unless “the Church can produce some thinkers who will lead us in positive channels our spiral of degradation will continue downward” (Ockenga, 1943)

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15
Q

“In other words, our form of ______ has no _____ unless it is founded in a deeply felt ______ ____, and I don’t care what it is” (Eisenhower)

A

“In other words, our form of government has no sense unless it is founded in a deeply felt religious faith, and I don’t care what it is” (Eisenhower)

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16
Q

Who said “In other words, our form of government has no sense unless it is founded in a deeply felt religious faith, and I don’t care what it is”? (and when/where?)

A

Eisenhower, Freedoms Foundation, Waldorf-Astoria, NYC, 22/12/52

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17
Q

“The churches of America are citadels of our faith in individual _____ and human _____. This faith is the living source of all our spiritual strength. And this strength is our _____ _____ in our world-wide struggle against the forces of godless ______ and oppression” (Eisenhower, to National Co-Chairmen, Commission on Religious Organizations, National Conference of Christians and Jews – 9th July 1953)

A

“The churches of America are citadels of our faith in individual freedom and human dignity. This faith is the living source of all our spiritual strength. And this strength is our matchless armor in our world-wide struggle against the forces of godless tyranny and oppression” (Eisenhower, to National Co-Chairmen, Commission on Religious Organizations, National Conference of Christians and Jews – 9th July 1953)

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18
Q

Who said “The churches of America are citadels of our faith in individual freedom and human dignity. This faith is the living source of all our spiritual strength. And this strength is our matchless armor in our world-wide struggle against the forces of godless tyranny and oppression” (and when/where?)

A

Eisenhower, to National Co-Chairmen, Commission on Religious Organizations, National Conference of Christians and Jews – 9th July 1953

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19
Q

Who was the first President to be baptised in office?

A

Eisenhower

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20
Q

When was Eisenhower, the first President to be baptised in office, welcomed into the Presbyterian Church?

A

1 February 1953

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21
Q

Who wrote ‘The Spiritual-Industrial Complex: America’s Religious Battle against Communism in the Early Cold War’ (2011)?

A

Jonathan P. Herzod

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22
Q

Who suggested Cold War culture involved “the deliberate and managed use of societal resources to stimulate a religious revival in the late 1940s and 50s”?

A

Jonathan P. Herzod’s ‘The Spiritual-Industrial Complex: America’s Religious Battle against Communism in the Early Cold War’, 2011: 6

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23
Q

When was ‘One Nation under God’ added to the Pledge of Allegiance?

A

1954

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24
Q

When was ‘In God We Trust’ printed on $ bills?

A

1957

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25
Q

When was a National Day of Prayer established in America?

A

1952

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26
Q

Who said “Communism is the scavenger of decaying civilizations” and when?

A

Catholic Bishop Fulton J. Sheen, ‘Communism in America’, a 1957 TV sermon

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27
Q

“To safeguard our ______ and preserve the true American way of life…we need, we must have, a revival of genuine, old-fashioned ______, deep, widespread, in the power of the ____ ____’

A

“To safeguard our democracy and preserve the true American way of life…we need, we must have, a revival of genuine, old-fashioned Christianity, deep, widespread, in the power of the Holy Spirit’

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28
Q

Who said “To safeguard our democracy and preserve the true American way of life…we need, we must have, a revival of genuine, old-fashioned Christianity, deep, widespread, in the power of the Holy Spirit’ and when?

A

Billy Graham, 1949, LA

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29
Q

What percentage of American adults could name all four Gospels in 2017? (Pew Research)

A

45%

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30
Q

Whose term is the ‘suburban frontier’ (religious)?

A

Hugnut-Beumler, Looking for God in the Suburbs, 1994: 4

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31
Q

Give four examples of the importance of morality/family stability in the Cold War.

A

High birthrates
Stabilizing divorce rates
Clear-cut gender roles
Celebration of baptism, first communion, confirmation, bar mitzvah, bat mitzvah, marriage, etc.

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32
Q

How many major religious building projects were under construction in Omaha, Nebraska, at the start of the 1950s?

A

35, inc. 7 new Protestant churches (Looking, 109)

33
Q

When was St Michael’s episcopal (Wayne, NJ) completed (with welcoming aura/optimism/functionality?)

A

1963

34
Q

Who held the first drive-in worship services in July 1949?

A

Rev. Norman Hammer of Emmanuel Lutheran Church in North Hollywood, California

35
Q

What did Rev. Norman Hammer of Emmanuel Lutheran Church in North Hollywood, California introduce in July 1949?

A

The first drive-in worship services.

36
Q

At what (entertainment) facility did Rev. Robert Schuller in 1955 found his temporary sanctuary?

A

Orange Drive-In Theatre

37
Q

How many American TV sets were there in 1949?

A

940,000

38
Q

How many American TV sets were there in 1959?

A

44M

39
Q

When was Billy Graham’s televised New York Crusade?

A

1957

40
Q

What did the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church in New York launch in 1956?

A

‘FOR A SPIRITUAL LIFE IN A BUSY DAY. DIAL-A-PRAYER. Circle 6-4200. One minute of inspiration in prayer’ (Looking, 17)

41
Q

What did Schuller open in 1961 in Garden Grove, California?

A

Opened a combined walk-in and drive-in church in 1961 in Garden Grove, California (designed by Richard Neutra), costing $3m (“Come as you are in your family car!”).

42
Q

“Come as you are in your ____ ___!”

A

“Come as you are in your family car!”

43
Q

How much did the Richard Neutra-Schuller walk-in and drive-in church in Garden Grove, CA, cost?

A

$3m

44
Q

When was the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association - the crusading multimedia organization - founded?

A

1950

45
Q

“I am selling…the _____ product on earth, why shouldn’t it be promoted as well as _____?” (Graham, Time, 1954)

A

“I am selling…the greatest product on earth, why shouldn’t it be promoted as well as soap?” (Graham Time, 1954)

46
Q

Who said “I am selling…the greatest product on earth, why shouldn’t it be promoted as well as soap?”

A

Graham, Time magazine, 1954

47
Q

“We are going to sit around the ______ and have parties, and the angels will wait on us, and we’ll drive down the golden streets in a yellow _____ ______”

A

“We are going to sit around the fireplace and have parties, and the angels will wait on us, and we’ll drive down the golden streets in a yellow Cadillac convertible” (Graham on heaven)

48
Q

Who said “We are going to sit around the fireplace and have parties, and the angels will wait on us, and we’ll drive down the golden streets in a yellow Cadillac convertible”?

A

Billy Graham

49
Q

When was Norman Vincent Peale’s ‘The Power of Positive Thinking’ published?

A

1952

50
Q

Peale’s ‘The Power of Positive Thinking’ contains: “I can do all things through ______ which strengthenth me” (Philippians IV, 13)

A

Peale’s ‘The Power of Positive Thinking’ contains: “I can do all things through Christ which strengthenth me” (Philippians IV, 13)

51
Q

“BELIEVE IN _____! Have faith in your abilities!”

A

“BELIEVE IN YOURSELF! Have faith in your abilities!” (pg. 1) (Peale)

52
Q

“Little does _____ ask of contemporary man. It is ready to offer comfort; it has no courage to ______”

A

“Little does religion ask of contemporary man. It is ready to offer comfort; it has no courage to challenge”

53
Q

Who said “Little does religion ask of contemporary man. It is ready to offer comfort; it has no courage to challenge”?

A

Abraham Joshua Heschel

54
Q

“There has been a tendency in the last few years – bolstered, I am sorry to say, by the President himself – to identify greatness and godliness”

A

“There has been a tendency in the last few years – bolstered, I am sorry to say, by the President himself – to identify _____ and ______”

55
Q

Who said “There has been a tendency in the last few years – bolstered, I am sorry to say, by the President himself – to identify greatness and godliness”?

A

John Cogley, Commonweal editor

56
Q

What does modern suburban religiosity show about America?

A

Suburban religiosity proves American religions’ ability to embrace and to adapt to modern forms of lifestyle and communication -> faith is turned into a consumable product in the suburbs (American Dream)

57
Q

When was Rick Warren’s Saddleblack Church (Orange County) established?

A

1980

58
Q

How many people does Rick Warren’s Saddleblack Church (Orange County) draw a weekend?

A

25,000

59
Q

When was Joel and Victoria Osteen’s Lakewood Church (Houston) established?

A

1979

60
Q

How many seats does Joel and Victoria Osteen’s Lakewood Church (Houston) have?

A

16,000 (with shopping mall attached!)

61
Q

How much money did Creflo Dollar, World Changers Church International, College Park, Georgia make in 2015?

A

$70m

62
Q

How many attend megachurches on a regular basis?

A

6m (10% of all Protestant churchgoers in America).

63
Q

Who said that “If America has entered a secular, post-Christian era, [megachurches] have found a winning counterstrategy”?

A

Justin G. Wilford

64
Q

Why, according to Fowler (Blessed, 12), do megachurches appeal to boomers?

A

“spiritual wanderers whose comfort in big box establishments—university classrooms, corporate cubicles, and Wal-Mart aisles—predisposed them to church models that resembled these large institutional forms”

65
Q

“The _____ is the natural counterpart of the super-supermarket and the multiplex cinema”

A

“The superchurch is the natural counterpart of the super-supermarket and the multiplex cinema”

66
Q

Who/what said “The superchurch is the natural counterpart of the super-supermarket and the multiplex cinema”?

A

Time, 1991

67
Q

Name some coalitions/groups of the religious right.

A

Christian Coalition; Concerned Women for America; Focus on the Family; Promise Keepers.

68
Q

When was Jerry Falwell’s Moral Majority established?

A

1979

69
Q

How much money was the Moral Majority spending by 1981?

A

$6m

70
Q

“the great builders of our nation almost to a man have been _____, because _____ have the desire to build something”

A

“the great builders of our nation almost to a man have been Christians, because Christians have the desire to build something” (Pat Robertson, NYT, 1986)

71
Q

Who said that “the great builders of our nation almost to a man have been Christians, because Christians have the desire to build something”, and when?

A

“the great builders of our nation almost to a man have been Christians, because Christians have the desire to build something” (Pat Robertson, NYT, 1986)

72
Q

On 9/11: “all of them who have tried to _____ America, I point the finger in their face and say, ‘You helped this happen’”

A

“all of them who have tried to secularise America, I point the finger in their face and say, ‘You helped this happen’”

73
Q

Who, after 9/11, said this: “all of them who have tried to secularise America, I point the finger in their face and say, ‘You helped this happen’”?

A

Falwell

74
Q

When did Amy Coney Barnett join the Supreme Court?

A

27 October 2020

75
Q

What percentage of Americans claimed to believe in God in a 1985 poll?

A

95%

76
Q

What percentage of Americans in 1985 belonged to an organised religious group?

A

65%

77
Q

What percentage of Americans in 1985 attended church in any given week?

A

40% (Gillespie, Michael, and Michael Lienesch, 1988. ‘Religion and the Resurgence of Conservatism’, 1998)

78
Q

How was religion ‘secularized’?

A

US religions embraced modern consumer culture, using modern progress in a ‘secularization of religion’ (exploitation of Christian authority?)

Modern America (8 decks)

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