War of the Roses 1455 - 1485 Flashcards
When did War of the Roses take place?
The War of the Roses was between …..
The war of the Roses
1455 - 1485 for 30 years
between the Lancaster family and the York family
Why was King Edward II killed?
King Edward II (1307-1327) was killed by his wife so that his son could become King Edward III (1327-1377)
How did King Richard II die?
King Richard II (1377 - 1399) was imprisoned by his cousin Henry IV and starved to death.
King Richard II facts
- Grandfather King Edward III (1327-1377)
- Became King Richard II in 1377 when he was 10 years old when his grandfather died
- 1381 Peasants Revolt - King Richard II did not keep his promises
- Deposed in 1399 by his cousin Henry IV
Name the two families directly related to King Edward III
Lancaster family and York family
King Henry VI was King of England ….
King Henry VI was King from 1422 - 1461 and 1470 - 1471
Who was the King of England when the War of the Roses took place?
King Henry VI
Why did the War of the Roses take place?
When King Henry VI was mentally ill, a member of the York family Richard the Duke of York was selected as the ‘Protector’ to run the country.
When King Henry was well again, he took control of the counrty from ‘Richard the Protector’.
But Richard the Proector wanted to control England so he gathered an army and fought King Henry VI.
King Henry VI was beaten and Richard became the ‘Protector’ again.
Later King Henry’s wife Catherine of Anjou gathered her own army and fought Richard and he was killed .
King Henry VI was King again.
In 1461 King Henry VI was beaten by Richard’s son Edward in Towton and Edward (York) becomes King Edward IV.
In 1470 Henry wins the battle and becomes King again and Edward flees to Netherlands.
In 1471 Edward returns and wins the battle, he becomes King Edward IV again. Henry is taken as a prisoner and killed in Tower of London.
1471-1483 King Edward IV rules until his death in 1483
In 1483 King Edward IV’s son Edward becomes King Edward V. As he is only 12 years old, his uncle Richard (Edward IV’s brother) becomes the ‘Protector’. King Edward V misteriously disappears and his uncle Richard becomes King Richard III
1483-1485 King Richard III rules England.
In 1485 the last important member of the Lancaster family Henry Tudor (Henry VI was his half-uncle) challenges King Richard III in Battle of Botsworth field. Henry wins the battle and King Richard III is killed.
In 1485 Henry Tudor becomes King Henry VII, the first Tudor King.
Many people believed that the battle between the two families Lancaster and York will continue but it didn’t because King Henry VII married King Edward IV’s daughter Elizabeth and united both families.
Was King Henry VI a good King?
- King Henry VI was a gentle, religiuos man
- He struggled to control the country
- He was a poor military leader
- He suffered from mental illness
- Therefore King Henry VI was not a good king
What happened when King Henry VI was mentally ill?
An opportunity arose for the York family, a distant relative Richard, Duke of York was chosen as the ‘Protector’ to rule England.
In 2012 what was the important finding?
King Richard III’s bones were found buried under a car park in Leicester.
King Richard III was killed by Henry Tudor in 1485 at the Battle of Bosworth field.
The car park was built on the site of an old church.
The bones reveal that King Richard III had a crooked spine and he died from a heavy blow to his head and his skull was sliced off. He had eight wounds in his skull.
1461 ?
Richard the ‘Protector’s son Edward fights King Henry VI and wins the battle at Towton and becomes King Edward IV.
1470?
Henry returns and defeats King Edward IV and becomes King Henry VI again.
1471?
Edward returns and defeats King Henry VI and becomes King Edward IV again. King Henry VI is taken as prisoner and killed in Tower of London.
King Edward IV rule …
1461 to 1470
1471 to 1483
King Edward IV died in 1483
