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GCSE History > War in Vietnam, 1954-75 > Flashcards

War in Vietnam, 1954-75 Flashcards

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1
Q

What did President Nixon ensure?

A

that South Vietnam did not become a communist-led country

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2
Q

When was the Nixon Doctrine?

A

25th July 1969

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3
Q

What was the Nixon Doctrine?

A

President Nixon’s ideas about Vietnam, SE Asia and the US

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4
Q

How did the US fulfill its promises with allies in The Nixon Doctrine?

A
  • Follow through on any existing support it had promised its allies
  • Help them against nuclear attacks
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5
Q

How did the US become limited with their support during The Nixon Doctrine?

A
  • Only provided financial help & training against threats from countries that did not have nuclear capacity
  • Would not provide soldiers
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6
Q

What is Vietnamisation?

A

Putting the ideas behind the Nixon Doctrine into practice

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7
Q

What did Nixon want from his troops during Vietnamisation?

A
  • To withdraw from Vietnam
  • But not give the appearance that the US lost the war
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8
Q

What was the role of the South Vietnam army (ARVN) during Vietnamisation?

A
  • Take over more of the actual fighting
  • Thus reducing number of US military deaths
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9
Q

What was the focus of the US government during Vietnamisation?

A

To send money & advisors, not soldiers

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10
Q

What was the aim of the US government during Vietnamisation?

A
  • To ensure SV remained independent & non-communist
  • Therefore US would not lose face over Vietnamese outcomes
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11
Q

How did American opinions differ during Vietnamisation?

A
  • Some supported war aims & wanted to continue with active involvement
  • Others wanted US withdrawal asap
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12
Q

Why did Vietnamisation fail?

A
  • US training & equipment was not enough to ensure ARVN was ready to take over fighting
  • ARVN suffered from corruption & desertion
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13
Q

When were US troops withdrawn?

A

1968 onwards

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14
Q

Why was American desire to fight greatly reduced?

A

Soldiers knew they would soon be leaving

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15
Q

Why did US soldiers kill their own officers?

A

To stop them leading into situations where their lives were at risk

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16
Q

What skyrocketed among US troops?

A

Drug use

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17
Q

When did the US attack Cambodia?

A

1970

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18
Q

Why did Nixon send US troops to Cambodia?

A
  • To stop North Vietnamese from helping Cambodia’s communist to power there
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19
Q

What was the effect of Nixon’s attack on Cambodia?

A
  • Congress outraged & cancelled 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution; reduced money for war & demanded faster troops reductions from Vietnam
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20
Q

When did the US attack Laos?

A

1971

21
Q

Why did the US attack Laos?

A
  • US gave air support for South Vietnamese invasion of Laos
  • To stop spread of communism
22
Q

What were the effects of the US attack on Laos?

A

Doubts about South Vietnamese ability to fight against communism without US support

23
Q

When did the US bomb North Vietnam?

A

1972

24
Q

Why did the US bomb North Vietnam?

A

To weaken it

25
Q

How did the US bombing of North Vietnam prevent Communist influence?

A

Mines were dropped into Haiphong harbour to stop Chinese and Soviet supplies coming by sea

26
Q

What was destroyed as a result of US bombings on North Vietnam?

A

North Vietnamese radio & communications

27
Q

What was damaged as a result of US bombing on North Vietnam?

A

North Vietnamese war industry

28
Q

What did US bombing on North Vietnam lead to?

A

Calls from USSR & China for North Vietnam to sign a peace deal

29
Q

What were some of the tactics used by the Vietcong?

A
  • planned ambushes
  • simple, deadly traps
  • avoided open battles
30
Q

What were the tactics used by the Vietcong in order to integrate?

A

did not wear military uniform so integrated with rural peasants

31
Q

What were the tactics used by the Vietcong in order to avoid being bombed?

A

stayed close to US deployments of soldiers

32
Q

What were the tactics used by the Vietcong to make it difficult for the enemy to move around?

A

Sabotaged roads & bridges

33
Q

What were the tactics used by the Vietcong in order to stop members being identified?

A

Blended in with local population

34
Q

How did tunnel tactics help the Vietcong?

A
  • Could organise suprise attacks
  • Store supplies safely
  • Hide securely
  • Treat wounded
35
Q

When was Operation Rolling Thunder?

A

1965

36
Q

How did Johnson force North Vietnamese to negotiate a settlement?

A

Started a bombing campaign in North Vietnam called Operation Rolling Thunder

37
Q

Why did Operation Rolling Thunder target the Ho Chi Minh Trail?

A

To stop supplies being taken south

38
Q

How did Operation Rolling Thunder avoid war and involvement of Soviets?

A

Avoided:

  • Capital city Hanoi
  • Haiphong
  • Border with China
39
Q

What was the significance of Haiphong port?

A

It was where the USSR sent supplies into North Vietnam

40
Q

How did the US tactic of ‘search & destroy’ bomb the Vietcong?

A
  • Small groups of US soldiers tracked down VC camps
  • Called in helicopters to spray chemicals & bomb
41
Q

Why was the US tactic of ‘search & destroy’ ineffective?

A
  • After US troops left a VC occupied area, the VC returned
  • This sent out the message that US search & destroy methods were failing
42
Q

When was the Tet Offensive?

A

1968

43
Q

Who was the Tet Offensive led by?

A

North Vietnamese & VC

44
Q

What was attacked during the Tet Offensive?

A
  • Over 100 cities and US bases in South Vietnam
45
Q

How did the North Vietnamese & VC draw in US & ARVN troops away from cities?

A

By attacking the demilitarised zone

45
Q

What tricked the US into thinking the communists were losing during the Tet Offensive?

A

The North Vietnamese suggested a negotiated settlement

45
Q

How did the North Vietnamese & VC attack Saigon during the Tet Offensive?

A
  • Attacked high-profile places
  • E.g. US embassy, airport & radio station
46
Q

How did the US & ARVN retaliate against the Tet Offensive?

A
  • Recaptured attacked cities & bases
  • Communists suffered heavy loss
  • VC nearly wiped out
47
Q

How did Americans view the Tet Offensive?

A

Failure

GCSE History (7 decks)

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