War Communism Vs NEP

Question 1

NEP
abolishing grain requisition

Answer 1

Replaced by tax and kind peasants had to give a fixed proportion of their grain to the state, sell surplus on the market .

Question 2

NEP
Ownership of small businesses

Answer 2

Under private ownership,small businesses were allowed to open to make a profit .E.g. small workshops and factories that make good such as shoes, nails and clothes .

Question 3

NEP
Trade ban lifted

Answer 3

Foods and goods could flow more easily between the countryside and towns.

Question 4

NEP
Control of heavy industry

Answer 4

State kept control of large-scale industries like coal, steel and oil.

Question 5

Successes of NEP
Cereal production

Answer 5

Serial production increased by 23% compared to 1920.

Question 6

Successes of NEP
Factory output

Answer 6

Factory output rules by 200%

Question 7

Successes of NEP
Monthly wage

Answer 7

The average monthly wage of urban workers rules from 10.2 roubles in 1921 to 15.9 in 1923.

Question 8

Successes of NEP
Industry output

Answer 8

Coal, steel, finished cloth and electricity also saw rise and output

Question 9

Successes of NEP
Grain harvest and production 

Answer 9

There was an increase in grain harvest from 37.6 million tons in 1921 to 56.6 tons in 1923 .

By the mid-1920s there had been a rapid recovery from a lower base - grain production has increased from 1920 by over 25%

Question 10

Successes of NEP
Land

Answer 10

The amount of land under cultivation Rose from 77.7 hectares in 1922 to 91.7 million hectares which was higher than the 1921 figure at 90.

Question 11

Limitations of NEP
Production in industry

Answer 11

The amount of iron ,steel and copper produced never exceeded the amount for the last few years of tsardom.

Pig iron: 1913-4216 thousand tons 1926-2,441 thousand tons

Question 12

Limitations of NEP
State owned industries

Answer 12

The largest state owned industries were not successful. They were heavily subsidised by the state and were very inefficient.

Question 13

Limitations of NEP
Agriculture

Answer 13

Progress was uneven. The success in agriculture already caused the problem by 1923 with goods in short supply rising in price and the price of food flood and the cities , causing the scissors crisis.

There was limited mechanisation and modernisation in agriculture .

Question 14

Limitations of NEP
Requisitioning re-introduction

Answer 14

By the late 1920s the reluctance of peasants to sell food for lower prices cause a crisis which had to be resolved by the re-introduction of requisition in 1927

Question 15

Limitations of NEP
Economy

Answer 15

Many aspects of the economy were still inefficient

Question 16

Limitations of NEP
Industry

Answer 16

Industry was labour intensive and inefficient . NEP was not allowing the economy to take off after the initial recovery.

Question 17

Limitations of NEP
Grain

Answer 17

NEP was not warming by 1928. The USSR was 20 million tons of green shot feed the towns .

Question 18

Limitations of NEP
The rest of the world

Answer 18

There was a war scare in the late 1920s after the rise of fascism and was an in diplomatic relations with the west. This demonstrated how industry weak the USSR were , still being relied on foreign import and Stalin argued they were 100- 150 years behind the West.

Question 19

War communism
Rationing

Answer 19

Class base system of rationing was introduced smallest rations given to middle class classes red army are given more than civil servants.

Question 20

War communism
Nationalisation of industry

Answer 20

All industry under control of the vesenkha

The decree of nationalisation -summer 1918

Question 21

War Communism
Labour discipline

Answer 21

Internal passports were introduced to people fleeing into the countryside

Question 22

War communism
Grain requisitioning

Answer 22

Systematically terrorise the countryside forcibly requisitioned
the kulaks were handed in public to terrify the population

Question 23

War communism
Banning of private trade

Answer 23

All private trade in manufacturing were banned, resorted to a development of black market.

Question 24

War communism
State capitalism

Answer 24

Allowed some private trade but some industries are nationalised 1917 they have to keep a lot of tsarist structures

Question 25

Vesenkha

Answer 25

Organisation that sets production figures centrally

Question 26

Impact of war communism
Social effects

Answer 26

Reduced grain supplies to dangerous levels
Cattle and horses have been slaughtered in their thousands by hungry peasants

Question 27

Impact of war communism
Social effects 2

Answer 27

Millions died
170.9 million in 1913
130.9 million 1921
There were reports of cannibalism

Question 28

Impact of war communism
Economic effects 1

Answer 28

Total industrial output was 20% lower than pre-war levels

Question 29

Impact of war communism
Economic effects 2

Answer 29

At the end of 1920 Petrograd population decrease of 57.5% in Moscow had a population decrease of 44.5%

Question 30

Impact of war communism
Economic effects

Answer 30

The harvest of 1921 was 48% lower than that of 1913

Question 31

The impact of war communism
Tambov revolt 1920-1921 1

Answer 31

155 rising across Russia in February 1921 in Tambov providence
700 man peasant army led by Alexander Antonov .

Question 32

Impacts of war communism
Tambov revolt 1922 1921 2

Answer 32

100,000 red Army troops deployed
several villages in the Tambov region were destroyed
poisonous gas was used

Question 33

Impacts of war communism
Kronstadt uprising 1921

Answer 33

30,000 sailors stationed in the Konstad naval base rebelled
March 1921 centre manifesto to learn and demanding the end of the part one party state
Marshall Tukhachevsky sent by Trotsky 5 miles across the ice

Question 34

War communism
The red terror

Answer 34

Bolshevik sedge campaign of intimidation arrests execution and violence in 1918
Overseen by checka leader Felix Dzezhivsky
The victims were tsarists ,liberals ,members of the clergy ,non-Bolshevik socialist and Kulaks

Question 35

War communism
Red terror 2

Answer 35

Estimates of 8500 executions took place in the first year
85,000 I thought to have been arrested, detained, interrogated or sent
Expanded from summer 1918 due to peasant resistance during the war and need for ‘merciless smashing’ of counter revolutionary activity