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Russia and its Rulers: Thematic Exam Question Areas > War and Revolution > Flashcards

War and Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

Which leader did the Crimean War happen under?

A

Alexander II

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2
Q

Which leader did the Russo-Japanese War happen under?

A

Nicholas II

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3
Q

Which leader did WW1 happen under?

A

Nicholas II / Provisional Government / Lenin

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4
Q

Which leader did the Civil War happen under?

A

Lenin

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5
Q

Which leader did WW2 happen under?

A

Stalin

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6
Q

Which leader did the Cold War happen under?

A

Stalin / Khrushchev

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7
Q

Why did Russia lose the Crimean War?

A
  • Lack of industrialised weaponry
  • Weak serf conscripts
  • Limited strategic railways
  • Poor morale of serf conscripts
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8
Q

During which war did the following battles occur:
Battle of Balaclava / Siege of Sevastapol

A

Crimean War

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9
Q

During which war did the following battles occur:
Loss of Port Arthur / Battle of Inkerman

A

Russo-Japanese War

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10
Q

During which war did the following battles occur:
Battle of Tannenburg / Brusilov Offensive

A

WW1 (Nicholas II)

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11
Q

During which war did the following battles occur:
Kerensky Offensive

A

WW1 (Provisional Government)

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12
Q

During which war did the following battles occur:
Siege of Leningrad / Battle of Stalingrad

A

WW2

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13
Q

Who was appointed Minister of War following the defeat in the Crimean War?

A

Dmitrii Milyutin

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14
Q

What were the causes of the Russo-Japanese War?

A
  • Russian expansionism
  • Desire to maintain control of Port Arthur
  • Racism
  • Increase patriotism and support for the Tsar
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15
Q

Which war helped to cause the 1905 Revolution?

A

Russo-Japanese War

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16
Q

During which war were weaknesses of the Trans-Siberian railway significant?

A

Russo-Japanese War

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17
Q

Who did Russia fight against in WW1?

A

Germany and Austria-Hungary

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18
Q

When did Nicholas II decide to become Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces during WW1?

A

September 1915

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19
Q

What accusations were made about the Tsarina during WW1?

A
  • She was a German spy
  • She was having a sexual relationship with Rasputin
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20
Q

When was Rasputin murdered?

A

December 1916

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21
Q

How did Rasputin have a negative impact on Russia during WW1?

A
  • Rumours humiliated the Tsar and Tsarina
  • Caused government chaos - Tsarina appointed his choices into government
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22
Q

What was the increase in the cost of living during WW1?

A

300%

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23
Q

Why did the cities suffer food shortages during WW1?

A

Railways taken over by military left grain rotting in the countryside

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24
Q

Which war helped cause the February and October 1917 Revolutions?

A

WW1

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25
Q

What was the stance of the Provisional Government on WW1?

A
  • No decision until elections had occurred / fight a defensive war
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26
Q

What did Milyukov’s note state about WW1 under the Provisional Government?

A

That Russia would “prosecute the war until victory”

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27
Q

What protests did the failed Kerensky Offensive help cause under the Provisional Government during WW1?

A

July Days

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28
Q

What was Lenin’s promise to the Russian people on WW1?

A

Peace

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29
Q

What was the peace treaty named that the Bolsheviks signed to end WW1?

A

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

30
Q

What did Russia lose in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk which ended WW1?

A
  • Ukraine / Poland / Baltic states
  • 1/6 population
  • 2/3 coalmines
  • 1/3 agriculture
31
Q

Which Bolshevik led the negotiations with Germany during the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

A

Trotsky

32
Q

What was the cause of the Civil War?

A

The Bolshevik October Revolution

33
Q

What were the three sides in the Civil War?

A

REDS - Communists
WHITES - liberals / ex-Tsarists
GREENS - peasants

34
Q

Which side in the Civil War had foreign support?

A

Whites

35
Q

Why did Lenin win the Civil War?

A
  • Leadership of Trotsky
  • Geography - consolidation in industrial heartlands
  • Control of industry and railways
  • Vision and morale
36
Q

What economic policy did Lenin use to help win the Civil War?

A

War Communism

37
Q

How did War Communism help Lenin win the Civil War?

A
  • prioritised grain to feed the Red Army
  • Industry only producing weapons
38
Q

Who were Kolchak, Yudenich and Deniken?

A

White Army Generals during the Civil War

39
Q

What was the Nazi invasion of the USSR known as in June 1941?

A

Operation Barbarossa

40
Q

Why was the Nazi invasion of the USSR a surprise in 1941?

A

USSR and Nazi Germany had previously signed a non-aggression pact - the Nazi-Soviet Pact

41
Q

What impact did WW2 have on Russia politically?

A

Limited - Stalin already a totalitarian leader. Victory only consolidation him further.

42
Q

Which was is known as the “Great Patriotic War”?

A

WW2

43
Q

How many Russian people died during WW2?

A

27 million

44
Q

How many Russian civilians died during the siege of Leningrad?

A

1 million

45
Q

What was the Russian strategy of burning land known as during WW2?

A

Scorched earth

46
Q

What proportion of Russian industry and agriculture was occupied by the Germans by 1942?

A

1/3

47
Q

What deal did Stalin do with Churchill to ensure that Eastern Europe would be within the Soviet “sphere of influence” post-1945?

A

Percentages Agreement 1944

48
Q

Which wartime conference established the post-WW2 division of Germany and Berlin into 4 zones controlled by the different allied powers?

A

Yalta

49
Q

What year was the Berlin blockade and airlift?

A

1948

50
Q

What speech did Churchill make in 1946 that is seen as the beginning of the Cold War?

A

“Iron Curtain” / “Sinews of Peace” speech

51
Q

What was Khrushchev’s Cold War strategy known as?

A

“Peaceful Coexistence”

52
Q

What were the western and Soviet defensive alliances called that developed during the Cold War?

A

Western - NATO
Soviet - Warsaw Pact

53
Q

Which US Presidents did Khrushchev face during the Cold War?

A

Eisenhower and Kennedy

54
Q

What year did Khrushchev visit the US?

A

1959

55
Q

At which international summit did the U2 spy plane incident spark tension between the USSR and the USA?

A

1960 Paris Summit

56
Q

When was the Berlin Wall built?

A

1961

57
Q

Why was the Berlin Wall built in 1961?

A
  • Refugee crisis - people fleeing Soviet zones for western zones
58
Q

How did the Cold War improve living standards in Russia?

A

Focus on improving consumer goods

59
Q

Identify things that Russia did first in the space race during the Cold War:

A

Man in space - Yuri Gagarin
Dog in space - Laika
Satellite in space - Sputnik

60
Q

What were the causes of the 1905 Revolution?

A
  • Russo-Japanese War
  • Peasant unrest - Red Cockerel
  • Poor living and working conditions in cities
  • Bloody Sunday
61
Q

Which sailors mutinied during the 1905 Revolution?

A

Potemkin sailors

62
Q

What peace treaty ended the Russo-Japanese War?

A

Treaty of Portsmouth

63
Q

What concession did Nicholas II make to help end the 1905 Revolution?

A

October Manifesto which promised the Duma

64
Q

What were the causes of the February 1917 Revolution?

A
  • Poor performance in WW1
  • Bread rationing
  • International Women’s Day protests
  • Army refusing to fire on protestors
65
Q

Where was the Tsar during the February Revolution?

A

At the front lines as Commander in Chief

66
Q

Who took over Russia after the abdication of the Tsar in February 1917?

A

Dual Authority of the Provisional Government and Petrograd Soviet

67
Q

What caused the October 1917 Revolution?

A
  • WW1
  • Weak Provisional Government
  • Determination of Lenin
68
Q

Which leading Bolshevik planned the October Revolution?

A

Trotsky

69
Q

What was the political impact of the February Revolution?

A

end of Tsarism and attempt at liberal democracy of the Provisional Government

70
Q

What was the political impact of the October Revolution?

A

Communist government of Lenin - SOVNARKOM

Russia and its Rulers: Thematic Exam Question Areas (4 decks)

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