WALLS Flashcards
What is a Wall
Vertical architectural partition used to divide an area or enclose another
Functional Requirements
9
- Strength
- Stability
- Damp Resistance
- Durability
- Fire Saftey
- Thermal Insulation
- Aural Insulation
- Security
- Aesthetics
Strength
- The ability to resist compressive and tensile forces
- Working strength of materials determine their use in the building
Stability
- Affected by foundation movement, eccentruc loading, lateral forces
- Adhere to building regulations and calculatios of structural design
- Lateral restraint is made by intersecting walls and piers, then tying roofs to walls
Damp Resistance
- Walls should resist passage of moisture
- Dependent on exposure to wind driven rains
- Dependent on construction of wall
- DPC and Weep Holes
Thermal Insulatin
- Heat transferred by conduction, radiation and convection
- Thermal Insulation vs A thermal bridge
- Resist excessive transfer of heat to and from outside of building
Cavities: Thermal Insulation
Lintels and Stills: Thermal Bridge
Durability
- Freedom of maintainence determined by how often and to what extent maintainance work is required to maintain minimum functional requirements
Fire Saftey
- Structural integrity of a wall during fires dependant on the material used
- Consider surface spread of flames
- Minimum fire resistance periods aught to be specified
Aural Insulation
- Effevtive sound insulation include dense, solid barriers
- Insulation of impact sounds make use of absorbent materials such as carpet
Security
Providing a barrier against unwanted visitors
Aesthetics
- Meeting satisfaction of frunctional performance while still meeting aesthetic goals of client and designer
Wall Materials
6
Stone
Brick and Block
Timber
Concrete
Steel
Glass
Bricks and Blocks
Rectangular building units made of baked or dried clay and other materials
Joints
- 900mm Max Horizontal Wall ties
- 450mm Max Vertical Ties
Bonding
- Arrangement of bricks in a predetermined pattern
- To strengthen the wall
- To provide lateral stability
- For aesthetic
- For economy as some bonds require fewer bricks
Bonds
- Stretcher Bond - Long side, used for half brick walls
- English Bond - One header followed by One Stretcher
- Flmeish Bond - Header and stretcher laid alternatively along one course
- Common Bond - Header every six courses
Forms of Block and Bricks
Cut Brick
Dressed Stone Block
Tooled Block
Bricklaying Tools
- Brick Trowel - lay motar
- Pointing Trowel - shape motar
- Lines and Pins - straight lines for courses
- Plumb Level - vertial plumb and horizontal level lines
- Frenchman - cut excess motar from newly pointed brwk
- Hawk and Trowel - plastering tool and board
Types of Bricks
Solid
Perforated (Between 20mm and 500sqmm )
Hollow (20mm and 500sqmm)
Cellular (Holes closed at one end)
Concrete
Insulation
Glazed (For greater cleanliness)
Holes either smaller than 25% of volume or exceed 25% of volume
Qualities of Bricks
Facing - Internal (Internal Work, Needs Care)
Stock - Ordinary (External Work)
Engineering - Special (Extreme Exposure)
Can have: Rough Cast, Rustic, Shiny finishes
Clay: 222x106 || Concrete: 290x190
