Wales, Scotland, Ireland under Henry II

Question 1

Which Scottish King did Henry II meet in 1157?

Answer 1

Malcolm IV

Question 2

Which two territories did Henry II demand back from Scotland in 1157?

Answer 2

Cumbria and Northumberland

Question 3

What did Henry II make Malcolm IV in 1157?

Answer 3

Earl of Huntingdon

Question 4

Name two ways Malcolm IV served Henry II?

Answer 4

1) Went on 1159 Toulouse Campaign

2) Fought against the Welsh on 1165 campaign

Question 5

When did Henry II first invade Wales?

Answer 5

1157 invades Gwynedd

Question 6

Who ruled north Wales in 1157?

Answer 6

Owain (of Gwynedd)

Question 7

Who ruled Deheubarth in 1158 and 1163, when Henry II attacked?

Answer 7

Rhys ap Gruffudd

Question 8

What was the Council in 1163 where Henry II secured the submission of Rhys up Gruffudd and Owain of Gwynedd?

Answer 8

Council of Woodstock

Question 9

When was there an uprising in Wales Henry II was unable to crush?

Answer 9

1165

Question 10

Which Pope gave his blessing to an invasion of Ireland in 1155?

Answer 10

Adrian IV (with his bull ‘Laudabiliter’)

Question 11

Which Irish King of Leinster asked for Henry II’s help in 1167?

Answer 11

Dermot of Leinster

Question 12

Which Anglo-Norman magnate helped Dermot of Leinster raise a host in south Wales in 1167-9?

Answer 12

Richard FitzGilbert de Clare (‘Strongbow’)

Question 13

What did Dermot of Leinster promise Richard de Clare in exchange for his support 1167-9?

Answer 13

His daughter Aife in marriage, and his succession to Leinster.

Question 14

When did Strongbow and Dermot recapture Dublin?

Answer 14

1170

Question 15

Name tworeasons Henry II sailed to Ireland in October 1171.

Answer 15

1) Worried about Strongbow’s independence from him.

2) Wanted to provide for his son John (born 1166)

Question 16

Which Irish kings refused to submit to Henry II?

Answer 16

Rory O’Connor of Connaught, and the kings of Ulster and Meath

Question 17

What place did Henry II give Strongbow in Ireland?

Answer 17

Leinster, as a barony held from him

Question 18

Which three towns in Ireland did Henry II give to royal officials?

Answer 18

Dublin, Waterford, Wexford

Question 19

Which kingdom in Ireland did Henry II ‘give’ to Hugh de Lacy?

Answer 19

Meath

Question 20

Who did Henry II make his chief Justiciar in Ireland in 1171?

Answer 20

Hugh de Lacy

Question 21

What Treaty in 1175 was agreed between Henry II and Rory O’Connor, last High King of Ireland?

Answer 21

Treaty of Windsor

Question 22

What did the Treaty of Windsor 1175 specify?

Answer 22

Rory O’Connor is granted independent ownership of his own lands but has to pay fealty to Henry II.

Question 23

When did John invade Ireland first, under Henry II?

Answer 23

1185

Question 24

Why did Hugh de Lacy upset Henry II in 1180?

Answer 24

He married Rory O’Connor’s daughter, just like Strongbow had married Dermot of Leinster’s daughter.

Question 25

When was Hugh de Lacy killed?

Answer 25

1186

Question 26

What was the Treaty with Scotland in 1174?

Answer 26

Treaty of Falaise

Question 27

What were the terms of the Treaty of Falaise?

Answer 27

1) Henry II is William the Lion’s overlord.
2) Five Scottish castles (Edinburgh, Roxburgh, Jedburgh, Berwick, Lothian) are to be garrisoned by English soldiers, paid for by Scotland.

Question 28

Where and when was William the Lion of Scotland captured?

Answer 28

Battle of Alnwick, 13 July 1174

Question 29

At the Council of Woodstock (1163) who did Malcolm IV have to hand over as a hostage to Henry II?

Answer 29

His brother David

Question 30

Name Henry II’s three invasions of Wales 1157-63.

Answer 30

1. Gwynedd 1157
2. Deheubarth 1158
3. Deheubarth 1163

Question 31

What was Henry II’s response to the Welsh revolt of 1164?

Answer 31

1. Invasion in 1165: he has to retreat because of rain

2. Mutilates 22 Welsh hostages