Wales, Scotland, Ireland under Henry II Flashcards
Which Scottish King did Henry II meet in 1157?
Malcolm IV
Which two territories did Henry II demand back from Scotland in 1157?
Cumbria and Northumberland
What did Henry II make Malcolm IV in 1157?
Earl of Huntingdon
Name two ways Malcolm IV served Henry II?
1) Went on 1159 Toulouse Campaign
2) Fought against the Welsh on 1165 campaign
When did Henry II first invade Wales?
1157 invades Gwynedd
Who ruled north Wales in 1157?
Owain (of Gwynedd)
Who ruled Deheubarth in 1158 and 1163, when Henry II attacked?
Rhys ap Gruffudd
What was the Council in 1163 where Henry II secured the submission of Rhys up Gruffudd and Owain of Gwynedd?
Council of Woodstock
When was there an uprising in Wales Henry II was unable to crush?
1165
Which Pope gave his blessing to an invasion of Ireland in 1155?
Adrian IV (with his bull ‘Laudabiliter’)
Which Irish King of Leinster asked for Henry II’s help in 1167?
Dermot of Leinster
Which Anglo-Norman magnate helped Dermot of Leinster raise a host in south Wales in 1167-9?
Richard FitzGilbert de Clare (‘Strongbow’)
What did Dermot of Leinster promise Richard de Clare in exchange for his support 1167-9?
His daughter Aife in marriage, and his succession to Leinster.
When did Strongbow and Dermot recapture Dublin?
1170
Name tworeasons Henry II sailed to Ireland in October 1171.
1) Worried about Strongbow’s independence from him.
2) Wanted to provide for his son John (born 1166)
Which Irish kings refused to submit to Henry II?
Rory O’Connor of Connaught, and the kings of Ulster and Meath
What place did Henry II give Strongbow in Ireland?
Leinster, as a barony held from him
Which three towns in Ireland did Henry II give to royal officials?
Dublin, Waterford, Wexford
Which kingdom in Ireland did Henry II ‘give’ to Hugh de Lacy?
Meath
Who did Henry II make his chief Justiciar in Ireland in 1171?
Hugh de Lacy
What Treaty in 1175 was agreed between Henry II and Rory O’Connor, last High King of Ireland?
Treaty of Windsor
What did the Treaty of Windsor 1175 specify?
Rory O’Connor is granted independent ownership of his own lands but has to pay fealty to Henry II.
When did John invade Ireland first, under Henry II?
1185
Why did Hugh de Lacy upset Henry II in 1180?
He married Rory O’Connor’s daughter, just like Strongbow had married Dermot of Leinster’s daughter.
When was Hugh de Lacy killed?
1186
What was the Treaty with Scotland in 1174?
Treaty of Falaise
What were the terms of the Treaty of Falaise?
1) Henry II is William the Lion’s overlord.
2) Five Scottish castles (Edinburgh, Roxburgh, Jedburgh, Berwick, Lothian) are to be garrisoned by English soldiers, paid for by Scotland.
Where and when was William the Lion of Scotland captured?
Battle of Alnwick, 13 July 1174
At the Council of Woodstock (1163) who did Malcolm IV have to hand over as a hostage to Henry II?
His brother David
Name Henry II’s three invasions of Wales 1157-63.
- Gwynedd 1157
- Deheubarth 1158
- Deheubarth 1163
What was Henry II’s response to the Welsh revolt of 1164?
- Invasion in 1165: he has to retreat because of rain
2. Mutilates 22 Welsh hostages
