Richard Lionheart Flashcards
How did Richard secure Anjou on his accession?
He imprisoned Henry II’s seneschal Stephen of Tours.
Normandy accepted Richard. Who helped him assume power there?
Eleanor of Aquitaine and Walter de Coutances, archbishop of Rouen, and Archbishop Baldwin of Canterbury, who stood beside him as he received homage on 20 July 1189 from Norman magnates.
How did Richard work to secure his rights over Ireland on his accession?
He requested that WIlliam Longchamp’s papal legateship be extended over all England and Wales and all parts of Ireland where his brother John exercised jurisdiction.
How did Eleanor of Aquitaine help Richard secure England on his accession?
He released her from prison and ordered that she hold England until his arrival. She enforced royal directives, granted lands, prohibited the movement of papal legates, witnessed royal charters, and presided over meetings of the king’s magna curia regis.
How did Richard secure John’s allegiance on his accession?
He made John count of Mortain, the hand of Isabelle of Gloucester in marriage, and Isabelle’s father’s earldom. He received the entire counties of Somerset, Dorset, Devon, Cornwall, Nottingham, Derbyshire. He held these lands as liberties not subject to the exchequer.
Why was Richard sensible to make John so powerful in England?
If he had made John a duke on the continent, he would have been Richard’s feudal equal, holding of the French crown directly, and much more of a threat.
How did Richard deal with his brother Geoffrey, who had won accolades 1173-4?
He instructed the chapter of monks at York to elect Geoffrey as their archbishop.
How did Richard win the support of key magnates?
He gave Isabelle of Strigeuil in marriage to William Marshal, and made him sheriff of Gloucester with its castle, the farm of the forest of Dean, and one of the associate justiciars of England.
He made Geoffrey fitz Peter earl of Essex.
He made Roger Bigod earl of Norfolk.
How else did Richard support the Marshal family?
John Marshal, William’s brother, was made a royal escheator and sheriff of Yorkshire, and his brother Henry was made dean of York Minster.
What did Richard promise to Philip Augustus at their conference on the Norman border in July 1189?
That he would marry Philip’s half-sister Alix, and pledged to give Philip 4,000 marks plus the 20,000 agreed to by Henry II. In exchange, Philip desisted from demanding Gisors and the Vexin.
How did Richard act to protect Aquitaine from Raymond of Toulouse when he was on crusade?
His marriage to Berengaria of Navarre in Sicily in May 1191 (brought by Eleanor of Aquitaine). This meant Berengaria’s father, Sancho VI, would protect Richard’s southern lands.
How did Richard pacify Philip Augustus, who was offended by Richard’s marriage to Alix?
Richard and Philip agreed at Messina, Italy, in March 1191, that Philip would give up claims to the Vexin and the fortress at Gisors, and Rirchard would become Philip’s liege man, and agree that any sons succeeding him would hold their lands in-chief of the French crown.
How did Sancho VI of Navarre demonstrate his commitment to defending Richard’s southern lands?
He drove back Raymond of Toulouse to the gates of Toulouse when Raymond invaded Aquitaine in 1192, and then, in 1194, a Navarrese army marched deep in to Aquitaine to defend it from Philip Augustus.
How else did Richard try to make sure John would be faithful to him in his absence?
He asked Eleanor of Aquitaine to keep John loyal, and he asked John to swear to stay out of England at a council in Normandy at 1190. But Eleanor intervened and Richard accepted John could go to England.
How did Richard try to win widespread support among the English before his departure for crusade?
Eleanor of Aquitaine issued a proclamation read throughout the shires before the king’s arrival in England, proclaiming that any imprisoned for offences against royal forest law would be released. It called on all his new subjects to swear homage and fealty to Richard.
