WALDEN

Question 1

- Increased
dehydration, CHF, DM 
(DCD)
- Decreased
diabetes insipidus pyelonephritis excess
fluid
(DPF)

Answer 1

Specific Gravity

Question 2

Diet, copd, ketoacidosis,

Answer 2

Acidic

Question 3

Diet sodium bicarb, vomit, UTI, met alkalosis

Answer 3

Alkaline

Question 4

Positive means jaundice

Answer 4

Bilirubin

Question 5

few are normal, large amounts means contamination

Answer 5

Epithelia cells

Question 6

Positive for kidney stones, tumors, trauma, infection, coagulation problems.

Answer 6

Blood

Question 7

Positive diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, Cushing syndrome, shock, burns, steroids, renal disease, hyperthyroidism, cancer

Answer 7

Glucose

Question 8

Positive means starvation, ketoacidosis, vomit, diarrhea, pregnancy

Answer 8

Ketones

Question 9

Positive means infection with E.coli

Answer 9

Nitrates

Question 10

Positive means kidney disease, pregnancy, CHF, diabetes, cancer

Answer 10

Protein

Question 11

Positive means infection, WBC casts UTI or pyelonephritis

Answer 11

Leukocytes

Question 12

Better measure of function than Bun/creatinine ratio

Answer 12

Serum creatinine

Question 13

Detect UTI

Answer 13

Urine C&S

Question 14

Pus in urine

Answer 14

Pyuria

Question 15

Pain or burn during urination

Answer 15

Dysuria

Question 16

Few RBC <5cells normal in urine, kidney stones pyelonephritis cystic

Answer 16

Hematuria

Question 17

(acute cystitis) caused by E coli, >10’5 or 1000,000 CFU/ml , dysuria frequency, no fever, nocturia

Answer 17

UTI

Question 18

Oral abx for 3 days, 1. TX Sulfa (Bactrim x 3 days), if allergy
to sulfa Macrobid fluoroquinolones, penicillin, cephalosporin

Answer 18

Uncomplicated UTI

Question 19

Oral abx for 7-14 dyas1. TX fluoroquinolone, Bactrim, allergy to sulfa cephalosporin

Answer 19

Complicated UTI

Question 20

High fever wbc casts, chills dysuria frequency, unilateral pain TX ceftriaxone IM or fluoroquinolone if resistance, 2nd line TX Augmentin and Bactrim

Answer 20

Acute Pyelonephritis

Question 21

Abrupt onset oliguria, edema wt. gain, lethargy, Nausea elevated creatinine, GFR is off

Answer 21

Acute renal failure

Question 22

kidney stone, severe colicky flank pain comes in waves, patient cannot stay still and may stand or walk, N/V,
- DX strain Urine, 1st is Renal US, highest sensitivity/specificity is noncontrast CT, UA, refer to urology refer to ER if high fever - AVOID high oxalate foods, rhubarb, spinach beets, chocolate tea and meats

Answer 22

Urothialiasis

Question 23

Hematuria, dysuria, frequency, low abdominal pain, pelvic pain, perineal pain, lower back pain or bone pain
Dx UA, urine culture, urine for cytology

Answer 23

Bladder cancer