WALDEN Flashcards
- Increased dehydration, CHF, DM (DCD) - Decreased diabetes insipidus pyelonephritis excess fluid (DPF)
Specific Gravity
Diet, copd, ketoacidosis,
Acidic
Diet sodium bicarb, vomit, UTI, met alkalosis
Alkaline
Positive means jaundice
Bilirubin
few are normal, large amounts means contamination
Epithelia cells
Positive for kidney stones, tumors, trauma, infection, coagulation problems.
Blood
Positive diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, Cushing syndrome, shock, burns, steroids, renal disease, hyperthyroidism, cancer
Glucose
Positive means starvation, ketoacidosis, vomit, diarrhea, pregnancy
Ketones
Positive means infection with E.coli
Nitrates
Positive means kidney disease, pregnancy, CHF, diabetes, cancer
Protein
Positive means infection, WBC casts UTI or pyelonephritis
Leukocytes
Better measure of function than Bun/creatinine ratio
Serum creatinine
Detect UTI
Urine C&S
Pus in urine
Pyuria
Pain or burn during urination
Dysuria
Few RBC <5cells normal in urine, kidney stones pyelonephritis cystic
Hematuria
(acute cystitis) caused by E coli, >10’5 or 1000,000 CFU/ml , dysuria frequency, no fever, nocturia
UTI
Oral abx for 3 days, 1. TX Sulfa (Bactrim x 3 days), if allergy
to sulfa Macrobid fluoroquinolones, penicillin, cephalosporin
Uncomplicated UTI
Oral abx for 7-14 dyas1. TX fluoroquinolone, Bactrim, allergy to sulfa cephalosporin
Complicated UTI
High fever wbc casts, chills dysuria frequency, unilateral pain TX ceftriaxone IM or fluoroquinolone if resistance, 2nd line TX Augmentin and Bactrim
Acute Pyelonephritis
Abrupt onset oliguria, edema wt. gain, lethargy, Nausea elevated creatinine, GFR is off
Acute renal failure
kidney stone, severe colicky flank pain comes in waves, patient cannot stay still and may stand or walk, N/V,
- DX strain Urine, 1st is Renal US, highest sensitivity/specificity is noncontrast CT, UA, refer to urology refer to ER if high fever - AVOID high oxalate foods, rhubarb, spinach beets, chocolate tea and meats
Urothialiasis
Hematuria, dysuria, frequency, low abdominal pain, pelvic pain, perineal pain, lower back pain or bone pain
Dx UA, urine culture, urine for cytology
Bladder cancer
