WA Chapter 4 Flashcards
council
a group of people called together for a specific purpose
“Native Americans had tribal councils that made decisions.”
infringe
to violate or break a rule, law, or policy
“Native Americans saw these regulations as infringing on their treaty rights.”
paternal
fatherly; characteristic of a father
“They [Americans] reflected a belief in manifest destiny as well as the paternal attitude that many Americans had toward the Indians.”
relinquish
to give up
“In just over a year, Stevens signed 10 treaties that resulted in the relinquishing of Indian lands.”
reservation
land set aside for native americans
“By 1855, the Cayuse were defeated. Those who survived were placed on a reservation.”
sovereign
the status of having power or authority; self-governing or independent
“A treaty is a written agreement between two states or sovereigns.”
stipulate
to require or specify as a condition of an agreement
”.. The Treaty of Point No Point promised to pay natives of ‘said tribes and bands the sum of sixty thousand dollars’ over a period of 20 years. The treaty further stipulated that.”
superiority
the quality, condition, or belief of being higher or more important than another
“The concept of white superiority gave settlers the belief that ‘good’ meant ‘civilized our way.’”
treaty
a formal agreement between two or more independent nations
“In just over a year, Stevens signed 10 treaties that resulted in the relinquishing of Indian lands.”
allotment
a portion of something (land, money, food, etc.) set aside for a particular purpose, person, or group
“Often called the Dawes Act, the law divided reservation land into individual allotments, and encouraged Indians to become farmers.”
coerce
to persuade
“When whites wanted Indian land, they would coerce the Indian owner into selling it to them, or use fraud.”
encroach
to go beyond the limits of; to trespass
“When gold was discovered, white settlers began encroaching on the reservations.”
fraud
dishonest or unlawful behavior
“When whites wanted Indian land, they would coerce the Indian owner into selling it to them, or use fraud.”
humane
characterized by kindness, mercy, or compassion toward fellow human beings and animals
“In attempt to be humane to Indians and reverse the damage done by the reservation system, Congress passed the General Allotment Act.”
intruder
one who enters or participates without invitation; an unwelcome participant
“Angry bands of Yakamas sought revenge and started killing white intruders.”
retaliate
to pay back in kind; respond with similar behavior or action
“When Chief Joseph found out, he knew the U.S. Army would retaliate.”
slaughter
the brutal or violent killing of a person
“The army sent a group of 600 soldiers to punish the tribes. They captured and slaughtered 700 Indian horses and hanged 24 of the Indian leaders.”
trespass
a wrongful or unlawful entry upon the lands of another
“Gold seekers rushed into the area, trespassing on lands given to the Yakamas in the treaty.”
truce
the stopping of hostilities or warfare between two or more people, groups, or nation
“The U.S. Army caught up to the Nez Perce, who sent out a small party under a truce flag.”
census
an official counting of the population
“The first census of Washington was recorded when it was designated as a territory in 1853.”
delegate
a person designated to act for or represent another person or persons
“The issue of voting rights for women resulted in some heated discussions among the delegates in Walla Walla.”
franchise
the right or privilege to vote (given)
“Although attempts were made to include suffrage in the new state constitution, women did not regain voting rights until 1910, when male voters agreed to give them the franchise.”
jurisdiction
the right, power, or authority to administer justice
“Article 26 of the Washington constitution specifies that Indian land and the native people living there fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government, not the state government.”
ratification
to give formal approval; confirm
“The territory’s male citizens overwhelmingly approved of the constitution, and it was sent again to Congress for ratification.”
sectarian
refers to a person or group related to a particular religion or set of beliefs
“The new state would also have to establish a public school system, ‘which shall be open to all the children of said States, and free from sectarian control.”
speculate
to create a theory or conclusion based on available evidence
“Some historians speculate that the Democratic majority in Congress was concerned that admitting Washington and other western territories to the Union would tip the balance of power to Republicans who outnumbered Democrats in the western territories.”
suffrage
the right or privilege to vote
(received)
“Abigail Scott Duniway addressed the convention, asking the delegates to make Washington the first state to give women suffrage.”
assimilation
the act of accepting a new culture
“The idea of assimilation was the cornerstone of Indian policy throughout the 19th century.”
What were the causes of cultural conflict between the Native Americans and the white settlers in the Pacific Northwest?
- indians and settlers had different ways of getting food
- land ownership meant different things to each group
- there was miscommunication because people spoke different languages
- leadership ideas were different
- white settlers did not respect the cultures of the native people
what events led to the ending of the Yakama War?
seattle was attacked by neighboring indians.
the army sent a group of 600 soldiers to punish the tribes, capturing or killing 700 indian horses and hanging 24 leaders and forced the indians to sign peace treaties.
who was chief joseph and what was he famous for?
chief joseph was the leader of a band of Nez Perce indians.
he was famous because the battles were recorded by journalists, and readers in the East followed the stories in the newspapers.
he was famous for being an excellent battle tactician, enabling many more soldiers to be killed then indians in the war.
explain the dawes act.
the law divided reservation land into individual allotments, and encouraged indians to become farmers.
individual indians could apply for citizenship once they got title to a plot of land, however indians were required to break tribal ties in order to gain citizenship according to the law.
what had to happen before washington territory could become a state?
- the population had to be at least 60,000
- the territorial legislature had to draft a state constitution
- the new state had to establish a public school system that didn’t exclude anyone.
