WA Chapter 4

Question 1

council

Answer 1

a group of people called together for a specific purpose

“Native Americans had tribal councils that made decisions.”

Question 2

infringe

Answer 2

to violate or break a rule, law, or policy

“Native Americans saw these regulations as infringing on their treaty rights.”

Question 3

paternal

Answer 3

fatherly; characteristic of a father

“They [Americans] reflected a belief in manifest destiny as well as the paternal attitude that many Americans had toward the Indians.”

Question 4

relinquish

Answer 4

to give up

“In just over a year, Stevens signed 10 treaties that resulted in the relinquishing of Indian lands.”

Question 5

reservation

Answer 5

land set aside for native americans

“By 1855, the Cayuse were defeated. Those who survived were placed on a reservation.”

Question 6

sovereign

Answer 6

the status of having power or authority; self-governing or independent

“A treaty is a written agreement between two states or sovereigns.”

Question 7

stipulate

Answer 7

to require or specify as a condition of an agreement

”.. The Treaty of Point No Point promised to pay natives of ‘said tribes and bands the sum of sixty thousand dollars’ over a period of 20 years. The treaty further stipulated that.”

Question 8

superiority

Answer 8

the quality, condition, or belief of being higher or more important than another

“The concept of white superiority gave settlers the belief that ‘good’ meant ‘civilized our way.’”

Question 9

treaty

Answer 9

a formal agreement between two or more independent nations

“In just over a year, Stevens signed 10 treaties that resulted in the relinquishing of Indian lands.”

Question 10

allotment

Answer 10

a portion of something (land, money, food, etc.) set aside for a particular purpose, person, or group

“Often called the Dawes Act, the law divided reservation land into individual allotments, and encouraged Indians to become farmers.”

Question 11

coerce

Answer 11

to persuade

“When whites wanted Indian land, they would coerce the Indian owner into selling it to them, or use fraud.”

Question 12

encroach

Answer 12

to go beyond the limits of; to trespass

“When gold was discovered, white settlers began encroaching on the reservations.”

Question 13

fraud

Answer 13

dishonest or unlawful behavior

“When whites wanted Indian land, they would coerce the Indian owner into selling it to them, or use fraud.”

Question 14

humane

Answer 14

characterized by kindness, mercy, or compassion toward fellow human beings and animals

“In attempt to be humane to Indians and reverse the damage done by the reservation system, Congress passed the General Allotment Act.”

Question 15

intruder

Answer 15

one who enters or participates without invitation; an unwelcome participant

“Angry bands of Yakamas sought revenge and started killing white intruders.”

Question 16

retaliate

Answer 16

to pay back in kind; respond with similar behavior or action

“When Chief Joseph found out, he knew the U.S. Army would retaliate.”

Question 17

slaughter

Answer 17

the brutal or violent killing of a person

“The army sent a group of 600 soldiers to punish the tribes. They captured and slaughtered 700 Indian horses and hanged 24 of the Indian leaders.”

Question 18

trespass

Answer 18

a wrongful or unlawful entry upon the lands of another

“Gold seekers rushed into the area, trespassing on lands given to the Yakamas in the treaty.”

Question 19

truce

Answer 19

the stopping of hostilities or warfare between two or more people, groups, or nation

“The U.S. Army caught up to the Nez Perce, who sent out a small party under a truce flag.”

Question 20

census

Answer 20

an official counting of the population

“The first census of Washington was recorded when it was designated as a territory in 1853.”

Question 21

delegate

Answer 21

a person designated to act for or represent another person or persons

“The issue of voting rights for women resulted in some heated discussions among the delegates in Walla Walla.”

Question 22

franchise

Answer 22

the right or privilege to vote (given)

“Although attempts were made to include suffrage in the new state constitution, women did not regain voting rights until 1910, when male voters agreed to give them the franchise.”

Question 23

jurisdiction

Answer 23

the right, power, or authority to administer justice

“Article 26 of the Washington constitution specifies that Indian land and the native people living there fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government, not the state government.”

Question 24

ratification

Answer 24

to give formal approval; confirm

“The territory’s male citizens overwhelmingly approved of the constitution, and it was sent again to Congress for ratification.”

Question 25

sectarian

Answer 25

refers to a person or group related to a particular religion or set of beliefs

“The new state would also have to establish a public school system, ‘which shall be open to all the children of said States, and free from sectarian control.”

Question 26

speculate

Answer 26

to create a theory or conclusion based on available evidence

“Some historians speculate that the Democratic majority in Congress was concerned that admitting Washington and other western territories to the Union would tip the balance of power to Republicans who outnumbered Democrats in the western territories.”

Question 27

suffrage

Answer 27

the right or privilege to vote
(received)

“Abigail Scott Duniway addressed the convention, asking the delegates to make Washington the first state to give women suffrage.”

Question 28

assimilation

Answer 28

the act of accepting a new culture

“The idea of assimilation was the cornerstone of Indian policy throughout the 19th century.”

Question 29

What were the causes of cultural conflict between the Native Americans and the white settlers in the Pacific Northwest?

Answer 29

• indians and settlers had different ways of getting food
• land ownership meant different things to each group
• there was miscommunication because people spoke different languages
• leadership ideas were different
• white settlers did not respect the cultures of the native people

Question 30

what events led to the ending of the Yakama War?

Answer 30

seattle was attacked by neighboring indians.
the army sent a group of 600 soldiers to punish the tribes, capturing or killing 700 indian horses and hanging 24 leaders and forced the indians to sign peace treaties.

Question 31

who was chief joseph and what was he famous for?

Answer 31

chief joseph was the leader of a band of Nez Perce indians.
he was famous because the battles were recorded by journalists, and readers in the East followed the stories in the newspapers.
he was famous for being an excellent battle tactician, enabling many more soldiers to be killed then indians in the war.

Question 32

explain the dawes act.

Answer 32

the law divided reservation land into individual allotments, and encouraged indians to become farmers.
individual indians could apply for citizenship once they got title to a plot of land, however indians were required to break tribal ties in order to gain citizenship according to the law.

Question 33

what had to happen before washington territory could become a state?

Answer 33

• the population had to be at least 60,000
• the territorial legislature had to draft a state constitution
• the new state had to establish a public school system that didn’t exclude anyone.