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GFP :0 > W9 - Lecture 25 - Grazing for sheep > Flashcards

W9 - Lecture 25 - Grazing for sheep Flashcards

1
Q

what is a major part of mid season lambing diet

A

grass - grass based diet

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2
Q

what does well managed grass-based systems supply for lambs

A

sufficient energy and nutrients to reach target slaughter weight for age

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3
Q

in recent years what has there being an increase in to finish lambs

A

increase in use of concentrates

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4
Q

what is the total costs per ewe

A

€98

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5
Q

what is concentrates single largest variable cost

A

€39/ewe

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6
Q

what does poor grass quality do to sheep

A

delay drafting

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7
Q

what % deafted by the end of september is the target

A

70-85%

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8
Q

what are the solutions to sheep challenges

A
  • Increased growth, quality and utilization
    – Management of grass
  • Measuring, budgeting etc.
    – PRG varieties and other plant species
    – Clovers, herbs, winter and summer forage crops, typhon, chicory etc.
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9
Q

what is the number of ewes/ha
- current
- 2027
- future target

A
  • current: 7.8
  • 2027: 9
  • future target: 12
  • 22% achieved in 2023
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10
Q

how much herbage do we need to grow for 1 ewe and twin lambs

A

we must grow 1t and utilise 850 kg (85% utilisation)

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11
Q

infrastructure for a 100 ewe flock @ 10 ewes/ha

A
  • 5 paddocks
  • 2 ha each
  • Permanent or temporary fencing
  • Sub divide to provide 10 grazing divisions in
    mid season
  • Aim is to have paddocks grazed out in 5 days in main grazing season
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12
Q

what is the aim (in days) to have the paddocks grazed out by

A

5-6 days
(average potential rotation 25-30days)

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13
Q

why should sheep graze 2 ha paddocks?

A

➢ Target pre-grazing cover of 1200kg DM/ha (of 7-8cm )
➢ 100 ewes demand= 400kg DM/day midseason
➢ 1200kg DM/ha divided by 400 = 3 days grass
➢ 2ha paddock= 2400 kg DM/ha = 6 days
➢ Therefore we need to sub-divide these paddocks to
Ideally offered 1ha at a time
= 3 days grazing

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14
Q

what is the target closing AFC IN SHEEP

A

Target closing AFC = 550-600 kg DM/ha

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15
Q

what should paddock be grazed out to

A

3.5 – 4.0cm

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16
Q

what is the target opening farm cover

A

600-700 kg grass DM/h

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17
Q

what has become a limiting factor in for lamb production

A

Shortage of labour for flock care and attention has emerged as a limiting factor

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18
Q

what practise has the potential for reducing feed, management and labour inputs

A

Extended grazing for in-lamb ewes as a substitute for winter housing and silage feeding is a practice which has potential for reducing feed management and labour inputs

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19
Q

when is lambing date needed to be near

A

Lambing date close to the onset of grass growth is critical

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20
Q

Four year major study undertaken to compare the following two systems
1. Grazing, silage, housing

A

Ewes housed unshorn and offered ad-lib grass silage
for 100 days over winter
* 6 weeks prior to lambing ewe received 21.5kg conc.
* Mean lambing March 20th
* During grazing season ewes grazed on PRG/WC
* SR = 14.1 ewe/ha
* Annual fertiliser input 79 kg/ha

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21
Q

Four year major study undertaken to compare the following two systems:
2. Year round grazing (YRG)

A
  • No housing or forage conservation
  • Ewes extended grazed from early December until lambing– grass DM allowance 1kg/day– 1.3 kg from early February until 2 weeks prior to lambing = grass ad lib + conc.
  • 6 weeks prior to lambing ewe received 23.1kg conc
  • Mean lambing date 30 March
  • SR = 10.4 ewes/ha
  • Annual fertiliser input 92 kg/ha
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22
Q

Study - 16-20

A
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23
Q

which grazing system increases birthweight and subsequent lamb performance

A

year round grazing (YRG)

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24
Q

to facilitate YRG by how much % did stocking rate have to be reduced by

A

to be reduced by 26%,
reducing lamb carcass output by 26%

25
Q

what is the future target lambing date

A

25th March

26
Q

why is march lambing better

A

good supply of grass growth + feed demand

27
Q

Late April lambing

A
  • Demand peaks in early to mid June before aftergrass becomes available
  • Grass growth exceeds demand in April/May
  • Deficit in November/ December for flushing and mating
  • N applications need to be adjusted
  • Offer silage to ewes on bare pasture pre-flushing
28
Q

what is the objective for grass for ewes in spring

A

Objective: grass supply @ turnout

29
Q

what is the kg DM/head/day of a lactating ewe

A

A lactating ewe 2.4 kg DM/head/day

30
Q

what is the kg DM/head/day 5 weeks post lambing

A

3.2 kg DM/head/day 5 weeks post lambing

31
Q

what is the aim of spring opening for sheep

A

Aim is to have enough grass to match ewes demand until supply increases and match demand (magic day)

32
Q

what should the opening farm cover in early.mid March lambing flock

A

of 600-700 kg grass DM/ha or 20-25 days ahead

33
Q

what is the demand of 10 ewes/ha with average demand of 2.5 kg
DM/day in early lactation

A
  • 10 x 2.5 = 25 kg DM/ha/day (demand/ha)
  • 650 AFC / 25 kg DM/ha/day = ~26 days grass
34
Q

how is the first rotation length in spring rotation for sheep

A

First rotation approx. 40 days

35
Q

what are the targets in spring rotation for sheep grazing

A

➢20% grazed by mid March -
allow regrowth for 2nd
rotation
➢40% by end March
➢100% by mid April

36
Q

what is applied to boost growth

A

Early N application

37
Q

what is the target pre grazing yield in main grazing season for sheep

A

Target pre grazing yield 1100-1300kg DM/ha)

38
Q

what is the average day paddock

A

5 days

39
Q

what is the rotation length for the main grazing season

A

Rotation length of 18-25 days

40
Q

what sort of system should be used in the main grazing season post weaning

A

leader follower system

41
Q

what factors affect lamb performance at grass (8)

A
  • SR
  • Fertiliser N
  • Type of pasture
  • Clover content
  • Sward height (SH)
  • Daily Herbage Allowance (DHA)
  • Grazing system
  • Supplementation with conc.
42
Q

what is the lamb performance at grass

A

0-5 weeks -> 300g/d (GR) -> 15kg
5-10 weeks -> 330g/d ->25kg (end weight)
10-14wks -> 210g/d -> 32kg

ADG = 275g/d

43
Q

Effect of pasture type on lamb
weaning weight (kg) and
ADG (g/day)

A

cattle pastures result in higher weights in lambs

44
Q

what % weight has lamb when weaned in cattle pastures

A

10% higher

45
Q

when is growth weights generally better

A

in mixed enterprise
- 2kg

46
Q

Effect of pasture height on lamb
weaning weight (kg) and ADG (g/day)

A

pasture height of 8-9cm has a better ADG from week 0-10 however the ADG 10-14 weeks is higher(254)

47
Q

what is the optimum sward height (SH) in April/May

what does it increase to in June

A

A SH of 6cm was optimum in April/May

Increasing to 7-8cm in June

48
Q

to maintain high quality grass in June what should grass be eaten to

A

To maintain grass quality in June grass should be eaten to PGSH of 4 cm in April/May

49
Q

what sort of grazing restricted growth

when is it evident

when is tight grazing less restrictive on lamb growth

how is tight grazing beneficial

A

Very tight grazing restricted growth

Evident at 5 and 10 weeks but more
pronounced at weaning

Tight grazing in April/May is less restrictive on lamb growth than in June

Tight grazing was beneficial in terms of
pasture quality as digestibility decreases with increasing PGSH

50
Q

when does concentration supplementation increase weaning weight

A

Conc. supplementation increased weaning weight particularly with tight grazing to 3.5 – 4.5cm
* No response at 6cm

51
Q

what is the best pasture type on lamb ADG July to Sept

A

ryegrass/clover

52
Q

when do growth rates tend to be lower

when are good growth rates achieved

A

Growth rates tended to be lower in autumn than in summer

Good growth rates were achieved when medium or high allowance were offered

53
Q

what does forward creep grazing enables

A

higher herbage allowance
- Lambs can graze high covers ahead of ewes
- Increase lamb weaning weight by 2kg

54
Q

Multi-species swards

Lambs grazed a 6 species
sward vs. PRGWC

A
  • Lambs grazed a 6 species sward vs. PRGWC
  • Grass: perennial ryegrass and timothy
  • Legumes: white clover and red clover.
  • Herbs: plantain and chicory.

MSS lambs had a
* Higher weaning weight at 14 weeks
(33.3kg vs. 30.8kg)
* higher birth-weaning growth rate of
303g/day vs. 285g/day
* Days to slaughter 25 days earlier
* Lower worm burden

55
Q

what is the target ADG on grass post weaning

A

150 g/day

56
Q

what is the range in sward type and height

A

Range 100-200g/day sward type and height

57
Q

what is the pre grazing height in post weaning for lambs

A

Pre-grazing height 9cm – PGSH 6cm in a rotational grazing system

58
Q

what helps to increase performance

A

Grass/clover + herbs help increase performance

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