W8/L10: Eye review

Question 1

What causes presbyopia?

Answer 1

A loss of lens flexibility with age, so it can no longer accommodate to close objects

Question 2

What systemic diseases are associated with cataracts?

Answer 2

DM
Myotonic dystrophy
Wilson’s
Atopic dermatitis

Question 3

What does POAG stand for?

Answer 3

Primary open angle glaucoma

Question 4

WHat are the 3 major clinical features of POAG?

Answer 4

• Progressive visual field loss
• Progressive increase in cup-to-disc ratio of optic disc
• Elevated IOP

Question 5

What are the two main secondary glaucomas?

Answer 5

Uveitic

Neurovascular

Question 6

What happens in proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 6

Hypoxia causes increased in VEGF, and neovascularisation which can block outflow form the anterior chamber

Question 7

What’s the 4-2-1 rule of severe NPDR?

Answer 7

Any of:
Intra-retinal haemorrhages in 4 quadrants
Venous beading in 2 quadrants
IRMA in 1 qudrant