W8 Flashcards
What is the law of repetition suggested by Ebbinghaus?
More (maintenance) rehearsal leads to better retention according to the law of repetition proposed by Ebbinghaus.
What are the 3 core memory processes?
- Encoding/acquisition - Transformation from perceptual representations into cognitive/attentional focus; Attention to select between what is relevant and what is left out.
- Storage/maintenance - How is a “memory” kept in the focus of attention (STM) or in long-term storage (LTM)? Whats kept?
- Retrieval/”remembering” - Bringing back into focus of attention
What is sensory memory and what are the different types (MSM)?
Sensory memory allows us to keep sensory information in mind temporarily. The different types include iconic memory (for vision), echoic memory (for hearing), haptic memory (for touch), olfactory memory (for smell), and gustatory memory (for taste).
What was Sperling’s (1960) classic study of sensory store and what did it find?
Sperling’s classic study involved full and partial report tasks to study the capacity and duration of sensory memory. The study found that a large amount of information is held in iconic memory but decays quickly, and a tone can act as an attentional cue for short-term memory.
Describe the STM (MSM)?
Short-term memory (STM) involves conscious processing of information and relies on attention. It has a limited capacity, often referred to as the magic number 7, and can be searched in three possible ways: parallel search, serial self-terminating search, or serial exhaustive search.
Sternberg (1966) retrieval from STM?
Sternberg’s research on retrieval from short-term memory found that people scan STM in a serial exhaustive fashion and that the scan rate is approximately 38 milliseconds per item.
What is the most likely cause of forgetting that is not decay?
Interference is the most likely cause of forgetting that is not due to decay. Factors such as proactive and retroactive interference can lead to forgetting.
Criticisms for STM component?
Criticisms of the short-term memory component include the fact that information in STM does not always need to be consciously processed, simple rehearsal does not ensure long-term storage, and rehearsed information does not always transfer to long-term memory.
Describe the LTM store of MSM?
Long-term memory (LTM) organizes and stores information with a large capacity and duration. It is supported by phenomena such as the primacy and recency effect.
What is the Phonological loop?
The phonological loop is a component of working memory responsible for the temporary storage of speech-like information, also known as “verbal STM.” It includes the phonological store and the articulatory loop.
What is the Phonological similarity effect?
The phonological similarity effect refers to the phenomenon where errors in recall are more likely to be phonologically similar to the correct item. This effect indicates that items in the phonological store are based on a phonological code.
What is the word length effect?
The word length effect is the phenomenon where the memory span for short words is greater than for long words. It is evidence for the phonological loop and is due to articulation duration.
What is the unattended speech effect?
The unattended speech effect refers to the impairment in performance when irrelevant spoken material needs to be ignored, suggesting that irrelevant speech can gain access to the phonological store.
What is Articulatory Suppression?
Articulatory suppression involves preventing rehearsal by overt articulation, leading to overall worse performance in tasks involving verbal STM. It disrupts the ability to actively rehearse information in the phonological loop.
Describe the visuo-spatial sketchpad?
The visuo-spatial sketchpad is a component of working memory responsible for setting up and manipulating images and spatial movement. It processes spatial, visual, and kinesthetic information and includes structures such as the visual cache and inner scribe.
