W7 Upper extremities anatomy and pathologies

Question 1

What is the shoulder composed of

Answer 1

Humeral head + glenoid of scapula.

Question 2

what type of joint is the shoulder

Answer 2

ball and socket

Question 3

what is lesser tubercle in humerus? greater tubercle?

Answer 3

lesser= anterior 
greater= lateral

Question 4

where is bicipital groove in humerus?

Answer 4

between tubercles. aka inter tubercular groove

Question 5

where is anatomical neck and surgical neck in humerus?

Answer 5

anatomical= proximal
surgical= inferior to tubercles

Question 6

where is deltoid tuberosity in humerus? what is it used for?

Answer 6

mid shaft roughened for deltoid muscle attachment

Question 7

where is glenoid border in scapula?

Answer 7

humeral head

Question 8

where is AC joint in scapula?

Answer 8

acromion travels anteriorly to joint clavicle

Question 9

where is coracoid process in scapula?

Answer 9

anterior bony projection

Question 10

what are four rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 10

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
subscapularis
teres minor

Question 11

where is supraspinatus?

Answer 11

between AC joint and shoulder joint

Question 12

where is infraspinatus?

Answer 12

posterior to scapula, inferior to spine

Question 13

where is subscapularis?

Answer 13

anterior to body of scapula

Question 14

where is teres minor?

Answer 14

axillary border of scapula

Question 15

where is deltoid?

Answer 15

surrounds rotator cuff and shoulder joint

Question 16

where is bicep? attaches to bone via what? the two heads joint to become what and ends as what?

Answer 16

anterior to humerus. attaches to bone via tendon. two heads join to become biceps brachii, ends as two tendons.

Question 17

where is brachialis? what joint does it cover?

Answer 17

anterior to humerus, inferior to biceps brachii. covers elbow joint

Question 18

where is coracobrachialis?

Answer 18

origins at coracoid process along with short head of biceps. inserts into medial surface of humerus

Question 19

where is triceps brachii?

Answer 19

posterior to humerus.

Question 20

where is aconeus?

Answer 20

origins at lateral epicondyle travels obiquely to posterior surface of olecranon

Question 21

what is a bursa and what is its purpose?

Answer 21

fluid filled sac for ease of friction during motion

Question 22

what are the three nerves in the upper extremities and what muscles do they supply?

Answer 22

radial= triceps brachii
ulna= muscles of the hand
medial= flexor muscle of forearm and hand

Question 23

where do nerves in the upper extremities come from?

Answer 23

brachial plexus

Question 24

what type of joint is the elbow joint?

Answer 24

hinge and socket

Question 25

what are the three ligaments found in the elbow joint?

Answer 25

• Annular= surrounds head of radius
• Ulna collateral= from medial epicondyle of humerus to coronoid process and olecranon of ulna.
• Radial collateral= from lateral epicondyle to annular ligament.

Question 26

what is the wrist composed of?

Answer 26

carpas + radius + ulna

Question 27

where is the wrist capsule?

Answer 27

from above distal radius and ulna to below proximal carpal

Question 28

where is carpal tunnel and what is it?

Answer 28

bundle of nerves anterior to wrist

Question 29

inflammatory disease of bursa sacs? cause? associated calcium deposition in tendons=? what two joints common?

Answer 29

bursitis.
caused by overuse, gout, arthritis, trauma.
deposits calcium within tendon associated with bursa= tendonitis.
commonly affects shoulder and elbow (from trauma, sports, arthritis, sepsis; aka tennis elbow).

Question 30

damage to head of shoulder= ? associated with?

Answer 30

Hill’s sach.

associated with repeated anterior displacement of humeral head - postero-lateral compression damage.

Question 31

injury to labrum of the shoulder where biceps tendon meets labrum= ? causes? symptoms?

Answer 31

SLAP lesion/ tear

causes: falling onto outstretched hand, upward swing of the arm (ie. pitching a ball), sudden pull of the shoulder.
symptoms: anterior and superior shoulder pain. unstable shoulder prone to disclocation.

Question 32

bone necrosis due to lack of blood supply= ? common in what bone?

Answer 32

avascular necrosis (AVN)

proximal pole of scaphoid common

Question 33

most common carpal fracture site? cause? if fracture does not heal= ? appearance on T1 and STIR?

Answer 33

scaphoid. falling on outstretched hand. AVN. Hypo T1 and bright on STIR

Question 34

fatty tumor in in superficial soft tissue (fascia)= ? what weightings confirm fat? how to exclude malignancy?

Answer 34

lipoma. T1 and T1 FS confirms fat. gad excludes liposarcoma (enhances).

Question 35

medial nerve affected causing numbness of first three digits= ? cause? what will be found surrounding nerve?

Answer 35

carpal tunnel syndrome. Caused by trauma, overuse, arthritis

edema surrounds nerve

Question 36

arthritis that affects distal joints of finger/ toe= ? associated with what? appearance on T2 and T1?

Answer 36

Psoriatic arthritis

can be associated with ankylosis spondylosis, affecting sacro-iliac joints
joint spaces hyper on T2
inflammation hyper on T1

Question 37

Appearance of bicep tear? what extra view is helpful? How?

Answer 37

fluid surrounding tear in bicep tendon
tendon appears fuzzy

FABS view shows length of bicep tendon