W7 Upper extremities anatomy and pathologies Flashcards
What is the shoulder composed of
Humeral head + glenoid of scapula.
what type of joint is the shoulder
ball and socket
what is lesser tubercle in humerus? greater tubercle?
lesser= anterior greater= lateral
where is bicipital groove in humerus?
between tubercles. aka inter tubercular groove
where is anatomical neck and surgical neck in humerus?
anatomical= proximal surgical= inferior to tubercles
where is deltoid tuberosity in humerus? what is it used for?
mid shaft roughened for deltoid muscle attachment
where is glenoid border in scapula?
humeral head
where is AC joint in scapula?
acromion travels anteriorly to joint clavicle
where is coracoid process in scapula?
anterior bony projection
what are four rotator cuff muscles?
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
subscapularis
teres minor
where is supraspinatus?
between AC joint and shoulder joint
where is infraspinatus?
posterior to scapula, inferior to spine
where is subscapularis?
anterior to body of scapula
where is teres minor?
axillary border of scapula
where is deltoid?
surrounds rotator cuff and shoulder joint
where is bicep? attaches to bone via what? the two heads joint to become what and ends as what?
anterior to humerus. attaches to bone via tendon. two heads join to become biceps brachii, ends as two tendons.
where is brachialis? what joint does it cover?
anterior to humerus, inferior to biceps brachii. covers elbow joint
where is coracobrachialis?
origins at coracoid process along with short head of biceps. inserts into medial surface of humerus
where is triceps brachii?
posterior to humerus.
where is aconeus?
origins at lateral epicondyle travels obiquely to posterior surface of olecranon
what is a bursa and what is its purpose?
fluid filled sac for ease of friction during motion
what are the three nerves in the upper extremities and what muscles do they supply?
radial= triceps brachii ulna= muscles of the hand medial= flexor muscle of forearm and hand
where do nerves in the upper extremities come from?
brachial plexus
what type of joint is the elbow joint?
hinge and socket
what are the three ligaments found in the elbow joint?
- Annular= surrounds head of radius
- Ulna collateral= from medial epicondyle of humerus to coronoid process and olecranon of ulna.
- Radial collateral= from lateral epicondyle to annular ligament.
what is the wrist composed of?
carpas + radius + ulna
where is the wrist capsule?
from above distal radius and ulna to below proximal carpal
where is carpal tunnel and what is it?
bundle of nerves anterior to wrist
inflammatory disease of bursa sacs? cause? associated calcium deposition in tendons=? what two joints common?
bursitis.
caused by overuse, gout, arthritis, trauma.
deposits calcium within tendon associated with bursa= tendonitis.
commonly affects shoulder and elbow (from trauma, sports, arthritis, sepsis; aka tennis elbow).
damage to head of shoulder= ? associated with?
Hill’s sach.
associated with repeated anterior displacement of humeral head - postero-lateral compression damage.
injury to labrum of the shoulder where biceps tendon meets labrum= ? causes? symptoms?
SLAP lesion/ tear
causes: falling onto outstretched hand, upward swing of the arm (ie. pitching a ball), sudden pull of the shoulder.
symptoms: anterior and superior shoulder pain. unstable shoulder prone to disclocation.
bone necrosis due to lack of blood supply= ? common in what bone?
avascular necrosis (AVN)
proximal pole of scaphoid common
most common carpal fracture site? cause? if fracture does not heal= ? appearance on T1 and STIR?
scaphoid. falling on outstretched hand. AVN. Hypo T1 and bright on STIR
fatty tumor in in superficial soft tissue (fascia)= ? what weightings confirm fat? how to exclude malignancy?
lipoma. T1 and T1 FS confirms fat. gad excludes liposarcoma (enhances).
medial nerve affected causing numbness of first three digits= ? cause? what will be found surrounding nerve?
carpal tunnel syndrome. Caused by trauma, overuse, arthritis
edema surrounds nerve
arthritis that affects distal joints of finger/ toe= ? associated with what? appearance on T2 and T1?
Psoriatic arthritis
can be associated with ankylosis spondylosis, affecting sacro-iliac joints
joint spaces hyper on T2
inflammation hyper on T1
Appearance of bicep tear? what extra view is helpful? How?
fluid surrounding tear in bicep tendon
tendon appears fuzzy
FABS view shows length of bicep tendon
