W7: Smoking + SC

Question 1

Effects of Smoking and Smoking Cessation

Answer 1

Question 2

Describe the appearance of gingival tissue affected by smoking

Answer 2

Question 3

Discuss the effects of smoking on the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease

Answer 3

Question 4

Discuss the physiological effects of smoking on the aetiology and pathogenesis of
periodontitis (including microbiology and the immune/inflammatory response

Answer 4

Question 5

Effects of smoking on severity of PD

Answer 5

Smokers have more severe gingivitis & periodontitis than non-smokers with deeper pockets, bone loss, LOA and a poorer response to periodontal treatment. In gingivitis smoking will cause reduction in inflammation and BOP. They also have an increased risk of disease recurrence.This increased risk is proportional to the duration and rate of smoking.

Question 6

– Describe how neutrophils are impacted by smoking

Answer 6

Reduction in neutrophils and their ability to phagocytose and perform chemotaxis means reduced clearance of perio-pathogens (increased colonisation results). Periodontitis is further aggravated due to increased inflammatory mediators.

Question 7

– Describe the effects of smoking on response to periodontal treatment

Answer 7

Compared to non-smokers, smoker patients with periodontitis tend to respond less fa**vorably to non-surgical and surgical periodontal treatment, and exhibit recurrence more frequently during supportive periodontal treatment. There are poorer outcomes for pocket depth and CAL despite plaque control. In surgical treatment, there is risk of **implant failure, recession and furcation deterioration.
**

Question 8

– Recognise the common oral manifestations of smoking on the periodontium

Answer 8

Question 9

signs

Answer 9

Question 10

signs 2

Answer 10

Question 11

– Discuss the different smoking cessation therapies and their efficacies

Answer 11