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NMS Sem1 > W7: Anatomy L Muscles Of Head And Neck > Flashcards

W7: Anatomy L Muscles Of Head And Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Does the face have deep fascia?

A

No, only superficial fascia and skin

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2
Q

Pharyngeal arch 1 and its nerves

A

Trigeminal nerve, V2 and V3

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3
Q

Pharyngeal arch 2 and its nerves

A

Facial nerve

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4
Q

Pharyngeal arch 3 and its nerves

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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5
Q

Pharyngeal arch 4 and 6 and its nerves

A

Vagus nerve

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6
Q

What pharyngeal arch are the muscles of the face developed from?

A

Second pharyngeal arch

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7
Q

What nerve innervated the muscles of the face?

A

Facial nerve CNVII

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8
Q

6 groups of muscles of facial expression

A

Orbital, nasal, a oral, auricular, SCALP, neck

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9
Q

Orbital group muscles and their actions

A 
Orbicularis oculi (palpebral and orbital) - orbital sphincter to close eyelids gently and tight closing of eye (wink)
Corrugator supercilli - draws eyebrows medially and inferiorly
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10
Q

Nasal group muscles and their actions

A

Nasalis (transverse and alar part) - transverse compresses nostrils and alar dilates the nostrils
Depressor septi
Procerus - winkles skin on nose and draws eyebrows medially

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11
Q

Oral group muscles

A

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, levator labii superioris, zygomaticus minor, zygomaticus major, risorius, depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, mentalis, orbicularis oris, buccinator, levator anguli oris

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12
Q

What does orbicularis oris do?

A

Closes lips, can compress and protrude (kissing), can resist distension (blowing) when working with buccinator

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13
Q

What does the buccinator do?

A

Prevent accumulation of food in the vestibule of the mouth, help with compression of the cheeks and in babies helps during breastfeeding. Helps stabilise dentures.

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14
Q

What does the levator labii superioris do?

A

Dilates mouth, elevates the upper lip

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15
Q

What do the zygomaticus major and minor do?

A

Bilateral action - smiling

Unilateral action - sneering

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16
Q

What does the levator anguli oris do?

A

Dilator of the mouth, widens mouth when grinning

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17
Q

What does the risorius and depressor anguli oris do?

A

Depresses corners of the mouth to convert sadness in frowning

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18
Q

What does the depressor labii inferioris do?

A

Retracts lower lip and everts (pouting or sadness)

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19
Q

What does mentalis do?

A

Elevates and protrudes the lower lip

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20
Q

What are the auricular group muscles?

A

Anterior auricular, superior auricular, posterior auricular

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21
Q

What are the SCALP group (occipitofrontalis) muscles and their actions?

A

Frontalis (frontal belly of occipitofrontalis) - elevates eyebrows and wrinkles forehead
Occipitalis (occipital belly of occipitofrontalis) - wrinkles back of head
Both in epicranial aponeurosis

22
Q

What are the neck group muscles and actions?

A

Platysma - depresses mandible, tenses skin of inferior face and neck

23
Q

5 branches of the facial nerve

A 
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical
(Two zebras but my cat)
24
Q

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

25
Q

Where does the facial nerves terminal branches branch from?

A

The parotid gland

26
Q

What is Bell’s palsy?

A

Dysfunction of the facial nerve
Generally unilateral
Swelling of the nerve during its pathway of the bony canal will produce pressure on the nerve fibre, generating loss of the function of the nerve, so a LMN paralysis.
Affects muscles of facial expression

27
Q

Signs of Bell’s palsy

A

Dripping of saliva, dropping of the mouth, not proper closing of eyes

28
Q

Cervical vertebra in the neck

A

C1-7

29
Q

What level does the hyoid bone lie?

A

C3

30
Q

What is unique about the hyoid bone?

A

It does not articulate with any other bone

31
Q

What fascia is the neck surrounded by?

A

Superficial cervical fascia and deep cervical fascia

32
Q

What is in the superficial cervical fascia?

A

Platysma and the nerves that innervate it

Cutaneous nerve of the cervical plexus

33
Q

What are the three layers of deep fascia? (Pic at pt3 min3)

A

Superficial, pre-tracheal layer, deep layer

34
Q

Describe the superficial part of deep fascia - light green on image

A

Encloses trapezius posteriorly and SCM anteriorly. Encloses submandibular gland and splits to form the fibrous capsule of the parotid gland.

35
Q

Describe the pre-tracheal layer of the deep fascia - purple on diagram

A

Includes a thin muscular part enclosing the infrahyoid muscles and visceral part. Encloses thyroid gland, trachea and oesophagus. Blends lateral with the carotid sheath which surrounds important structures like the internal jugular vein, internal carotid artery, common carotid artery and vagus nerve.

36
Q

Describe the deep layer of deep fascia

A

Prevertebral layer (blue) will surround the vertebra and muscles that are associated with it. Alar layer (orange).

37
Q

Function of the fascia

A

Determine the direction in which an infection might spread
Provide slipperiness allowing structures within the neck to pass over the others without being painful and damaging the other structures
Layers will form natural cleavage which will help with separating tissues during surgery

38
Q

What triangles are in the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Submental, submandibular, carotid, muscular

39
Q

What triangles are in the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Occipital and subclavian triangles

40
Q

What separates the anterior and posterior triangles?

A

SCM

41
Q

Origin and insertion of SCM

A

Origin: sterno and clavicular head
Insertion: mastoid process and superior nuchal line

42
Q

What is SCM innervated by?

A

Accessory nerve CNXI

43
Q

What happens when the SCM contracts unilaterally and bilaterally?

A

Unilateral: lateral flexion of the neck
Bilateral: flexion of the neck

44
Q

Boundaries of the posterior triangle

A

Anterior: posterior border of SCM
Posterior: anterior border of trapezius
Base: middle third of clavicle

45
Q

What divides the occipital and subclavian triangles?

A

Omohyoid muscle (inferior belly)

46
Q

Arteries in the posterior triangle

A 
Subclavian artery
Suprascapular artery
Transverse cervical artery
Occipital artery
Dorsal scapular
47
Q

Veins of the posterior triangle

A

Subclavian vein

External jugular vein

48
Q

Nerves of the posterior triangle

A

Trunks of brachial plexus
Branches of the cervical plexus
Spinal accessory nerve

49
Q

Muscles and structures of the posterior triangle

A 
Omohyoid muscle
Lymph nodes (other structures)
50
Q

Boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

Anterior: midline of the neck
Posterior: anterior border of SCM
Base: inferior border of the mandible

51
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Mylohyoid
Digastric
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid

52
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid muscles

NMS Sem1 (24 decks)

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