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NMS Sem1 > W4: Somatic Nervous System Overview > Flashcards

W4: Somatic Nervous System Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

Under voluntary division of the nervous system.

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2
Q

Branches of the nervous system

A

Central and peripheral
Afferent (PNS to CNS, sensory) and efferent (CNS to PNS, motor)
Peripheral divides into somatic and autonomic
Autonomic divides into sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric

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3
Q

How many spinal nerve and cranial nerves are there?

A

31 spinal nerve pairs and 12 cranial nerve pairs

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4
Q

What information does the CNS integrate from PNS? (what does PNS include?)

A

Spinal and cranial nerve pair info
Ganglia
Nerve plexuses
Enteric nervous system

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5
Q

What are ganglia?

A

Collection of cell bodies that can be autonomic or sensory

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6
Q

What are nerve plexuses?

A

Nerve fibres branching and forming a network of nerves that will go to innervate other structures

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7
Q

Classifications of neurones

A 
Multipolar = motor/efferent
Bipolar = relay or special sense
Pseudo-unipolar = sensory
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8
Q

What are glial cells?

A

Supporting cells

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9
Q

What are the different kinds of glial cells?

A 
Ependymal cells
Astrocytes
Microglia
Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Pic at pt 2 min7
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10
Q

What does myelination of axons do?

A

Increases speed of conduction and provides protection and structural support.

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11
Q

Difference between oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells

A

Oligodendrocytes can myelinated multiple axons and are found in the CNS whereas Schwann cells are found in the PNS and can only myelinate one.

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12
Q

Afferent division of the nervous system

A

Sensory portion of the nervous system - input

Stimuli from the PNS are transmitted to the CNS

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13
Q

Efferent division of the nervous system

A

Motor portion of the nervous system (output)

Stimuli from the brain initiate movement of skeletal muscle

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14
Q

What is grey matter

A

A collection of cell bodies

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15
Q

What is white matter

A

Where myelinated axons are running through

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16
Q

How are white and gray matter arranged in the spinal cord?

A

Grey is the H inside, white surrounds

17
Q

Difference between dorsal and ventral

A

Dorsal is posterior and sensory/afferent

Ventral is anterior and motor/efferent

18
Q

What is proprioception?

A

Awareness of our body position in 3D space

19
Q

What cells is the nervous system made up of?

A

Neurones (10%) and glial cells (90%)

20
Q

Microanatomy of the neurone

A

Cell body (1), dendrites (many), axon (usually 1), terminal bouton/synapses (many)

21
Q

What are Ependymal cells?

A

Epithelial cells that line the ventricular system (where CSF is produced and surrounds the brain and spinal cord). Involved in making CSF.

22
Q

What are astrocytes?

A

Contribute to the blood-brain barrier. Typical star shape. Binds neurones to capillaries in the meninges.

23
Q

What are microglia?

A

Immune function

24
Q

What do Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells do?

A

Create myelin sheaths around neurones and provide structural support.

25
Q

Do unmyelinated neurones have Schwann cells?

A

Yes their axons are still surrounded by Schwann cells but they have a more supportive role.

26
Q

What are cell bodies in the periphery called?

A

Ganglia. E.g., dorsal root ganglion is a collection of cell bodies in the PNS

27
Q

Why are spinal nerves mixed?

A

Because they carry sensory and motor neurones.

28
Q

What does the afferent division detect?

A

Sensation taken from areas like skin or special sense organs.

29
Q

Efferent division muscle types

A

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

30
Q

How does the efferent division conduct movement?

A

Via the NMJ. Conduct stimuli to skeletal muscle.

31
Q

What is the functional unit of a nerve?

A

A neurone

32
Q

Functional anatomy of the nerve (pt3 min11)

A

Numerous axon bundles (fascicles) surrounded by three protective layers.
Axons are surrounded by an endoneurium. Fascicles are surrounded by a perineurium. Epineurium (dense connective tissue) surrounds the whole nerve.

NMS Sem1 (24 decks)

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