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Drug Delivery > W7 > Flashcards

W7 Flashcards

1
Q

Calculating gibbs with multiple gases

A

G = NaUa + NbUb

Where Ua and Ub are the chemical potentials of gases A and B

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2
Q

High chem potential

A

Addition causes free energy to increase resulting in a high free energy for the system

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3
Q

Low chem potential

A

Addition causes free energy to increase only slightly

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4
Q

Higher free energy means

A

Higher driver for spontaneous reaction

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5
Q

Remember everything tries to loose its free energy to surroundings

A
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6
Q

When a reaction occurs the system goes in what direction

A

Direction of high chem potential to low until net potentials of products and reactanats balance

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7
Q

Equi constant equation

A

K = [C]c[D]d / [A]a[B]b

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8
Q

Le chateliers principle

A

When external change is made to a system the system responds to oppose the change. If OH is added to the left the equi will move to the right

3mols on the left and 2 mols on right, the forward reaction is favoured so equi moves right

More reactants the equi moves right
Moe products the equi moves left

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9
Q

If T increases

A

Equi move in endo direction to produce heat

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10
Q

If T decreases

A

Equi move in exo direction to release hear

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11
Q

If P increases

A

Equi move to side which would reduce pressure = side with less mols

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12
Q

If P decrease

A

Equi move to side which would increase pressure = side with more mols

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13
Q

Gibbs using equi constant equation

A

△G = -RT ln(k)

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14
Q

Van hoff equaiton

A

Derived from △G=-RTln(k) and △G= △H-T△S to give:

ln(k) = (△S/R) - (△H / RT)

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15
Q

Molarity

A

Number of moles of solute in 1 L of solution

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16
Q

Molality

A

Number of moles of solute in 1000 g of solvent

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17
Q

Mole fraction

A

Number of moles of the solute divided by the total number of moles of the solute plus the solvent

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18
Q

Raoults law

A

The parcel pressure of a substance in a liquid mix is proportional to its more fraction

Pn = XnPn*

Pi* is the vapour pressure of the pure substance

So first solution with two components it would be :

P = X1P1* + X2P2*

19
Q

What is vapour pressure?

A

Pressure exerted by vapour on the surface of a liquid at a given temperature

20
Q

Higher the temperature equals

A

The greater the vape pressure

21
Q

Lower the temperature equals

A

Lower the vapour pressure

22
Q

What is P^0
What is P1^0
What is P1

A

The vapour pressure of one liquid
The vapour pressure of pure liquid one
The partial vapour pressure of liquid one solution

23
Q

What is partial vapour pressure directly proportional to?

A

Mole Fraction

P1 ∝ X1

24
Q

How to calculate the mole fraction (X1)

A

Number of moles of liquid1 / (number of moles of liquid 1+2)

25
Q

Partial vapour pressure and constant K equation

A

P1 ∝ X1

Remove ∝

P1 = KX1 (equation 1)

26
Q

Raoults law versus Dalton law

A

Raoults tells us partial pressures where Dalton tells us total vapour pressure

27
Q

Molality equation

A

m = moles of solute / kilograms of solvent

Capital M is molarity

28
Q

Colligative properties

A

Solution behaves differently to pure solvent as there are particles of solute to interfere with physical processes

A solution will display certain colligative properties that depend only on the concentration of solute and not the chemical identity of the particles

29
Q

Adding solute to solvent will change the following

A

VP lower
BP elevate
FP depress

30
Q

Where do solid particles interfere?

A

Interfere with solvent activity at the boundary between gas and liquid phases

Particles on the surface can go into the gas phase and determines the vapour pressure solute particles on the surface can prevent it so pressure decreases

31
Q

Hypotonic isotonic and hypotonic

A

Hypertonic is two arrows leaving the cell so shrivel
Isotonic is one arrow entering and one arrow leaving so is perfect
Hypotonic is two arrows entering so swells

32
Q

How to describe change

A

We compare the initial and final values

△P = Pf - Pi

33
Q

Reaction rate equation

A

m = △C / △T

34
Q

Constant function and linear function equation

A

Y = b

Y = mx+b

35
Q

What is a derivative?

A

A function that gives a slope at an X value i.e. F(X) = 8, the value on the graph will have a line that is straight at Y = 8 with a slope of zero

36
Q

Power rule of (d/dx) X^n

A

= nX ^ n-1

So (d/dx) X^3 = 3X^3-1 = 3X^2

37
Q

Constant multiple rule

A

d/dx [C x F(X)] = C x d/dx [F(X)]

So

d/dx (4X^7) = 4 x d/dx (X^7) = 4 x 7X^7-1 = 4 x 7X^6 = 28X^6

38
Q

What is d/dx [lnx]

A

1/x

39
Q

What is d/dx [lnx^3]

A

3/x

40
Q

What is d/dx [ln(x^2+4)]

A

2x / (x^2+4)

41
Q

What is integral of 4dx

A

bdx = bx+c

4dx = 4x+c

42
Q

What is integral of 5x dx

A

mx dx = 1/2 mx^2 +c

5x dx = 1/2 5x^2+c

43
Q

What is the vapour pressure of pure water?

A

760 torr

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