W6 Self and Personality

Question 1

What is personality?

Answer 1

Personalities are organized combination of attributes, motives, values, and behaviours unique to each individual.

Question 2

What are the general differences between the psychoanalytic and social learning theories that describe self and personality development.

Answer 2

Psychoanalytic: More about universal stages, early experiences Social Learning: personalities change in response to changes in environments and contexts

Question 3

Describe the development stages of self in infancy

Answer 3

6 months infants: Distinguish themselves from the rest of their world 12 Months: Distinguish themselves from other individuals. (Joint attention) 18 and 24-months: Emergence of a categorical self, which is concrete way of viewing themselves in “this or that” labels.

Question 4

For development stages of self in infancy, how do we know? What is the evidence?

Answer 4

Mirror self-recognition experiment. Not significant difference for convex and normal mirror when 24 month vs 36 month. Significant difference when pixelated face vs normal mirror

Question 5

What contributes to the development of self in infancy?

Answer 5

• Cognitive and brain development • Social Interaction • Attachment • Culture… maybe

Question 6

Narrative Identities

Answer 6

Constructed from our past and future experiences.

Question 7

What are narrative Identities

Answer 7

Constructed from our past and future experiences.

Question 8

Describe the development of self beyond at around 8.

Answer 8

• Concrete  Complex
• Social identities emerge
• Self descriptions include enduring qualities
• Self portraits are made through social comparisons …these are not always accurate!

Question 9

Describe the development of self beyond at around 11.

Answer 9

• Increases in complexity
• Self descriptions less physical and more psychological
• Self portraits are more abstract
• Show greater awareness of self
• Differentiated self concept
• Different in different situations
• At the end of adolescence the differentiated self is combined to a coherent whole

Question 10

What factors influence self-esteem?

Answer 10

School competence, social acceptance, behavioral conduct, Athletic competence, Physical apperance

Question 11

What’s the evidence for self esteem development

Answer 11

Question 12

What is the evidence for self concept?

Answer 12