W6 - Cardio Pulmonary Function Tests Flashcards
Purpose of a pulmonary functions test
Look for presence of lung disease and aid diagnosis
Grade severity
Monitor disease
Response to medical treatment
What does spirometry tell us
Shows abnormal lung function
Static lung volume = how much air the lungs hold
Dynamic lung volume = flow of air through the airways & how fast the volume of air can be moved
Diagnostic pros of spirometry
Evaluate signs, symptoms & previous abnormalities
Measure effect of disease on pulmonary function
Screen at risk groups (smokers)
Monitoring pros for using spirometry
Assess therapeutic intervention on lung function
Monitors adverse reactions to drugs
Assess potential environmental or occupational exposure
Disability pros to using spirometry
Assess impairment or disability from lung disease
Assess risks as part if insurance evaluation
Assess prognosis
Contradictions to using spirometry
Pneumothorax
Haemoptysis of unknown origin
Aneurysm
Recent surgery (chest, abdomen & eyes)
Recent chest infections
What is total lung capacity
Amount of gas the lungs contain after maximal inspiratory effort when a person breathes in fully
TLC is the sum of all volumes
What is tidal volume
Volume of air normally inhaled or exhaled with each breath during resting, quiet breathing
What is expiratory reserve volume
Volume of air that can be exhaled with maximum effort after a normal expiratory breath
What is residual volume
Volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal effort expiration
What inspiratory reverse volume
Extra volume of air that can be inhaled with maximal effort after a normal resting inspiratory breath
What is inspiratory capacity
Tidal volume + inspiratory reverse volume
What’s functional residual capacity
Expiratory reverse volume + residual volume
What is vital capacity
Inspiratory reverse volume + tidal volume + expiratory reverse volume
Name the 6 vital signs
Respiratory rate
Oxygen saturation
Systolic blood pressure
Pulse rate
Level of consciousness or new confusion
Temperature
What chart is used to measure vital signs
National early warning score (NEWS)
What is a normal RR
12-20 bpm
What is a high RR
Above 20 bpm
Called tachypnoea
What’s a low RR
Below 12 bpm
What can cause high and low RR
High
Lung/heart failure
Anxiety/pain/nausea/fever
Brain injury
Low
Drug overdose
Exhaustion
Brain injury
Diabetic coma
Define systolic blood pressure
Pressure within the arterial system during ventricular contraction (120mmHg)
Define diastolic blood pressure
Pressure within the arterial system during ventricular relaxation (80mmHg)
What’s the values for a normal, tachycardia & bradycardia HR
Normal = 60-100 bpm
Tachycardia = above 10p bpm
Bradycardia = below 60 bpm
What are the values for normal, pyrexial & hypothermia temperature
Normal = 36-38 degrees
Pyrexial = above 38
Hypothermia = below 35
What are the SpO2 values of a normal patient with no underlying health conditions and a patient with COPD
Normal = 94-96
COPD = 88-92
