W5:

Question 1

What is an experiment?

Answer 1

seek to demonstrate causal relationship between variables

Question 2

Why an experiment?

Answer 2

allows us to infer causality instead of just an association

Question 3

what is experimental (scientific) knowledge?

Answer 3

objective
data driven -empirical (less subjective)
replicable
verifiable
public

Question 4

What are the key elements of experimental design?

Answer 4

-dependent variable
-independent variable
-manipulation and control
-treatment levels

Question 5

What is an extraneous variable?

Answer 5

variable that is not of interest; affects dependent variable; not known by researcher

Question 6

What is a confounding variable?

Answer 6

not controlled by experiment; systematic effect on a behavior of at least one group in experiment

Question 7

What are the requirements for cause and effect?

Answer 7

1. covariance rule
2. temporal precedence rule
   3.internal validity rule

Question 8

What is the covariance rule?

Answer 8

causal variable must covary systematically with the variable it is assumed to cause