W4 - Theories of Emotions and Guest Lecture 1/2

Question 1

True or false: Panksepp said that emotions were hardwired but not universal.

Answer 1

False: hardwired AND universal.

Question 2

Name two properties of emotions according to LFB.

Answer 2

Constructed and highly individualized (unique).

Question 3

Who famously influenced the affective theory of basic emotions?

Answer 3

Panksepp

Question 4

Who says that the same behavioural or bodily states can be associated with different emotions?

Answer 4

LFB

Question 5

What is the underlying meaning of BrainMind/MindBrain? To which scientist is this expression belonging to?

Answer 5

Both are not separable ->Panskepp

Question 6

What are the three levels of cognitive processing advanced by Panskepp?

Answer 6

Primary-processes: tools for living provided by evolution

Secondary-processes: the vast unconscious learning and memory mechanisms of the brain

Tertiary-processes: the higher order functions of mind permitted largely by the cortical expansions that allow many thought-related symbolic functions

Question 7

Who said that human emotions are derived from evolution?

Answer 7

Panskepp

Question 8

Who said “we can scientifically understand the foundations of the human mind by studying the basic subcortical emotion systems that can be well studied in animals”?

Answer 8

Panksepp

Question 9

What is a dual-aspect to the mind?

Answer 9

dual-aspect theory holds that the mental and the physical are different aspects of a unitary reality

Question 10

How was Panksepp eliciting a putative “basic” emotion?

Answer 10

(Electrical) stimulation of the neural circuit will evoke the behaviour

Question 11

To which cognitive processing level are emotions corresponding to according to Panskepp?

Answer 11

Primary.

Question 12

Is Panksepp suggesting that the three levels of cognitive processing are distinct and do not interact?

Answer 12

No, Panskepp believes that high levels of cognitive processing (secondary and tertiary) depend on the primary level (primitive affective functions).

Question 13

What is the relation between primal affective states and higher cognitive functions?

Answer 13

affective feelings, homologous in all mammals, have their origins in subcortical structures, and our working hypothesis is that they are re-represented, in nested hierarchies in higher brain regions

Question 14

True or false: each emotional system defined by Panksepp can code for different emotions.

Answer 14

False: 1 emotional system: 1 emotion.

Question 15

What are three non-biological factors contributing to shape emotion according to Lisa Fieldman Barett?

Answer 15

Individual experiences (memory), culture, and context

Question 16

What are the three main dimensions of emotion according to LFB?

Answer 16

Brain, body, environment

Question 17

True or false: LFB suggests that emotions are not specific to a single brain region and that each instance of emotion is uniquely constructed, but that the same neurobiological structures cannot be used for different emotional experiences.

Answer 17

False: she argues that the same neurobiological structures can be used for different emotional experiences too.

Question 18

What is allostasis? How do emotions relate to that process?

Answer 18

maintaining stability by anticipating and adapting to changing conditions by adjusting its internal physiological state

Emotions are a byproduct of allostasis functioning

Question 19

The emotion theory of LFB supports that emotions are constructed through the interaction between several different systems. What are they?

Answer 19

sensory system
conceptual system
affective system
action system

Question 20

According to the theory of LFB, what is the role of the conceptual system in the generation of emotions?

Answer 20

Interprets sensory information and assign meaning to it

Question 21

In relation to allostasis, what is predictive coding? How are emotions relating to this process?

Answer 21

Predictive coding is the process by which the brain anticipates an event/destabilization by computing a prediction that is based on past experiences and current context. Prediction errors occur when the prediction did not meet the anticipated event/destabilization, preventing the organism to seamlessly adapt to the disturbance. Emotions are responses to the occurrences of predictive errors.

Question 22

What is predictive coding relying onto according to LFB?

Answer 22

“Concepts”: whole brain representations shaped by past experiences that predict upcoming sensory events

Question 23

How do emotions and behaviours related according to LFB?

Answer 23

Behaviours are NOT specific to emotions:sSuggests that circuit mapping studies that link emotion to specific circuits are just revealing mechanisms of behavioural control.