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MSCT-LM > W4 skin histopathology > Flashcards

W4 skin histopathology Flashcards

1
Q

layers of skin

A

epidermis
papillary dermis
reticular dermis
subcutis

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2
Q

epithelial layers (out to in)

A 
corneum
(lucidum)
granulosum
spinosum
basale
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3
Q

epidermal cell matural time

A

4 weeks

-starts in basal layer and goes through until it is shed in the corneum layer

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4
Q

stratum granulosum

A
  • highest layer with living cells
  • lipid containing membrane coated granules that are exocytozed to produce waterproof barrier
  • kerato-hylain granules
  • filaggrin with keratin bundles
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5
Q

stratum corneum

A
  • non nucleated keratinocytes important to barrier function
  • 15-20 layers of dehydrated keratinocytes
  • tonofillaments containing filaggrin
  • barrier against trauma, infection
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6
Q

orthokeratosis

A

-normal basket weave looking stratum corneum

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7
Q

strutum lucidum

A
  • only found in palms and soles of feet

- contains eledin which becomes karatin

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8
Q

stratum spinosum

A
  • joined by spiny desmosomes (join intermediate filaments in neighboring cells)
  • synthesize cytokeratins to provide structural support and helps resist abrasion
  • cuboidal cells with dark nuclei
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9
Q

stratum basale

A

-single layer of columbar keratinocytes undergoing rapid proliferation and mitosis to replenish skin loss at surface

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10
Q

epidermis cells

A

keratinocytes (80%)
melanocytes (10-15%)
merkel cells (1%)
langerhans cells (3-5%)

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11
Q

melanocytes

A
  • second most prevalent cell in epidermis
  • derived from neural crest cells during embryogenesis
  • responsible for skin pigmentation
  • about 1 per every 10 kerationocytes
  • show up in histology with a halo around cytoplasm
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12
Q

Langerhans cells

A
  • bone marrow derived
  • common in stratum spinosum
  • antigen presenting
  • contain birbeck granules (look like tennis rackets)
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13
Q

Dermis components

A 
collagen
elastic tissue
blood vessels
nerves
fibroblasts
epidermal appendages
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14
Q

solar elastosis

A
  • solar damage to elastin in dermis

- causes elastin to look blue

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15
Q

fibroblasts

A
  • important in wound healing
  • produce collagen
  • primary cells of the dermis
  • produce elastin and ground substance
  • bland spindle cell appearance
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16
Q

smooth muscle bundles

A
  • found in dermis

- look like a purple rod with many nuclei

17
Q

sebaceous glands

A
  • undergo holocrine type secretion
  • found near hair follicles
  • blue, cuboidal looking clusters of cells with a dark purple outline
  • everywhere except palms and soles
  • most numerous on face, chest, back scalp
  • functionally active at puberty
  • sebum provides emollients to hair/skin
  • dying cell releases secretory products
  • secretion regulated by hormones
18
Q

pilosebaceous unit

A

hair follicle
sebaceous gland
arrector pili muscle

19
Q

apocrine glands

A
  • found in axilla and groin
  • simple columnar
  • malodorous due to bacterial action
  • secretion itself is odorless
  • stimulated in excitement and fear
  • mikly viscous fluid
  • not active until puberty
  • secretory products stored in cell
20
Q

eccrine glands

A
  • every except mucous membranes
  • cuboidal
  • thermoregulation
  • duct transverses dermis and epidermis and opens onto superficial surface
  • merocrine secretion (vesicles) regulated by SNS
21
Q

hypodermis/subcutis

A
  • fat layer between dermis and underlying structures such as fascia and muscles
  • insulates body
  • energy supply
  • cushions and protects skin
  • allows for mobility over underlying structures
22
Q

functions of skin

A
  • regulate water loss
  • maintain temperature
  • protect from UV
  • provide physical barrier from external environment
  • nerve sensation
  • injury repair
  • appearance and quality of life
23
Q

sensory receptors

A
  • thermoreceptors
  • meissner’s corpuscle for touch
  • nociceptor for pain
  • pacinian corpuscle senses pressure
  • mechanoreceptors for interacting with objects
24
Q

parakeratosis

A

-presence of keratinocytic nuclei in stratum corneum

25
Q

hyperkeratosis

A

-thickened stratum corneum

26
Q

acanthosis

A

-thickened spinous layer

27
Q

acantholysis

A

loss of attachment between keratinocytes – free floating keratinocytes

MSCT-LM (14 decks)

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