W4: Quiz Practice

Question 1

High level, domain-specific languages:

Answer 1

• execute inside a host app or OS
• dynamically typed
• scripting interpreted at run-time, not compiled

Ex. Command line interpreter: MS Powershell
Browser: JavaScript
Web server: PHP

Question 2

High level, general purpose languages:

Answer 2

• execute on the os
• dynamically or strongly typed
• interpreted and hybrid need run-time enviro

Ex. Python, JavaScript, Groovy, PHP

Compiled in: C, C++, COBOL

Question 3

Low level, general purpose languages:

Answer 3

• run on the bare metal
• strongly typed
• used to create OS, device drivers, compilers, virtual machines

Compiled on C, C++, Rust

Question 4

1970s:

Answer 4

Structured programming with subroutines, code blocks, and control patterns. GOTO was outlawed but took til 1980s to go away

Ex. C

Question 5

1980s:

Answer 5

Standards, consolidation, modules, performance, RDBMS (Relational Database Management Systems)
From monolithic to modular and object-oriented programming

Ex. C++

Question 6

Platform:

Answer 6

OS + Hardware

Question 7

Low-Level:

Answer 7

Runs directly on the hardware

Ex. OS for specific hardware
Assembly, C, C++ running directly on x86 architecture

Question 8

High-level:

Answer 8

Runs on the OS using services of low-level code allowing programming to be independent of the ‘bare metal’s

Ex. Apps using os services, c and c++ for high performance games

Question 9

Interpreted/scripting languages:

Answer 9

Line-by-line execution of source code. Not compiled. Little pre run-time translation. Slower but flexible and reactive

Question 10

Domain specific languages:

Answer 10

Exist inside an application
Ex. Command Language Interpreter (CLI)
Ms Powershell

Data oriented languages
SQL

Question 11

Compiled languages:

Answer 11

Translators generate machine specific instructions from source code

Ex. C++

Question 12

Hybrid languages:

Answer 12

First compiled into platform-neutral bytecode and then interpreted by a virtual machine for the local platform

Ex. Java, C#, Python

Question 13

Who wrote ‘the art of computer programming’?

Answer 13

Donald E. Knuth, winner of 1974 Turing Award

Question 14

“Languages” which are not programming languages:

Answer 14

HTML: Hypertext markup language for the web
CSS: Cascading style sheets
XML: Extensible markup language

Question 15

Computer hardware:

Answer 15

What you can physically touch. Physical parts of a computer system

Question 16

Internal hardware services:

Answer 16

Reside inside computer case like a motherboard.

Question 17

External or peripheral devices:

Answer 17

Plug into a computer system to add functionality

Ex. Mouse, keyboard, screen, usb and optical drives

Question 18

Processing hardware devices:

Answer 18

Cpu, ALU, fpu, gpu

Question 19

Input devices:

Answer 19

Keyboard, microphone, mouse, touch screen, stylus, camera, scanner

Question 20

Output devices:

Answer 20

Monitor, printer, speaker, plotter

Question 21

Input/output devices:

Answer 21

Ram, hdd, sdd, other storage devices

Question 22

Computer programming:

Answer 22

A process that leads from an original formulation of a problem to executable computer programs

Question 23

Algorithm:

Answer 23

A self contained step by step set of operations that solve a problem

Question 24

Code:

Answer 24

A set of instructions programmed into a computer to perform an algorithm

Question 25

Computer program:

Answer 25

Sets of code that tell a computer what to do, written in one or more programming languages, contained as a source code in a text file, compiled into machine code, and executed by CPU