W4: History Of Computers And Programming

Question 1

What is ENIAC?

Answer 1

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer is considered the grandfather of computers, the world’s first all digital, turing-complete, general purpose computer

Question 2

What is Evelyn Berezin’s career timeline and accomplishments?

Answer 2

Computer engineer
1951- computer logic designer
1962 - United Airlines reservation system
1971- first word processor
Nine patents 1959-1969

Question 3

What was the first computer program? Who was it written by?

Answer 3

‘A diagram of development’ written by Ada Lovelace in 1842

Question 4

What are the three kinds of programming logic?

Answer 4

Sequential: one step after the other
Conditional: Perform one sequence or the other
Iteration: looping or repeating

Question 5

Who are considered the mothers of programming?

Answer 5

Ada Lovelace 1815-1852

Grace Hopper 1906-1992

Question 6

Who is considered the first software engineer?

Answer 6

Margaret Hamilton - lead software engineer on Project Apollo 1965-1972

Question 7

What did early programming in the 1940s to 1960s focus on?

Answer 7

Language structure, instruction sets, and inventing key elements like variables, sorting, binary trees, modular programs, subroutines, breakpoints/debugging, and compilers

Question 8

What did 1970s programming focus on?

Answer 8

Structured programming with subroutines, code blocks, and control patterns. GOTO was outlawed and fully disappeared in the 80s

COBOL and C are examples of structured programming

Question 9

Machine language:

Answer 9

Binary code for operations that a particular computer hardware/CPU architecture can execute directly

Question 10

Assembly language:

Answer 10

Symbolic representation of machine code which executes the instructions of a particular CPU architecture

Question 11

Compiler:

Answer 11

A program which translates a high level language’s source code into machine language

Question 12

What did 1980s programming focus on?

Answer 12

Language standards, libraries, data I/O via databases; object oriented programming

C++ (1985) is an example of object oriented programming

Question 13

Object Orientation:

Answer 13

Old programming models separated data and logic, fields in data files were defined and accessed directly by a program

Question 14

What did 1990s programming focus on?

Answer 14

GUIs and event-driven programming, the rise of the internet, and object orientation became new normal

Ex. Visual Basic (1991), Python (1991), Java & JavaScript(1995), PHP (1995)

Question 15

What is an event-driven paradigm?

Answer 15

UI emitters and program listeners of asynchronous actions which activates modular code

Question 16

What did 2000s programming focus on?

Answer 16

Object oriented programming is now mainstream

Ex. C# (2001), Windows Powershell and Powershell Core (2006, 2016)

Question 17

2010s programming:

Answer 17

Mobile and tablets, parallel programming, big data, distributed processing

Ex. Android = Java