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Physiology 214 > W4 L3 (Vision) > Flashcards

W4 L3 (Vision) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the retina?

A

A layer of light-sensitive cells

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2
Q

What is the general path of image transduction?

A

An image is coded on the retina and transmitted through a series of complex steps

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3
Q

What is the stimulus in vision?

A

Light waves between 380 and 760nm

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4
Q

Who needs light?

A

All species need light to see, some can see wavelengths that we can’t

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5
Q

What are the 3 properties of light and what do they impact of what we see?

A
  1. Wavelength- Color
  2. Intensity- Brightness
    3 Purity-Saturation
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6
Q

What determines intensity and purity

A

Intensity- # of photons

Purity- # of wavelengths

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7
Q

What happens at the pupil?

A

Light is let in

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8
Q

What is the iris?

A

The colorful part of the eye

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9
Q

What are the 4 protective mechanisms of the eye?

A
  1. Sheltered in a bony socket
  2. Eyelids act like shutters
  3. Blinking disperses tears
  4. Eyelashes trap debris
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10
Q

What produces tears and where is this structure located?

A

The lacrimal gland in the upper lateral corner under the eyelid

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11
Q

Where do tears drain?

A

The corners of the eye and back into the nasal passageway

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12
Q

What are the 3 layers of the eye from peripheral to the interior?

A
  1. Sclera/cornea
  2. Choroid/Ciliary body/iris
  3. Retina
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13
Q

What is the sclera?

A

The visible white part of the eye

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14
Q

What is the cornea?

A

The clear, anterior most outer layer of the eye through which light rays pass to the interior of the eye

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15
Q

What is the choroid?

A

The layer under the sclera that is highly pigmented and contains blood vessels that nourish the retina

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16
Q

What is the retina?

A

The innermost layer in the posterior region of the eye that contains the eye’s photoreceptors, the rods and cones

17
Q

What is the difference between rods and cones?

A

Rods- Night vision

Cones- Day vision

18
Q

What do the photoreceptors of the eye do?

A

Convert light energy to nerve impulses

19
Q

What do the pigment in the choroid and retina do?

A

Absorb light that scatters after striking the retina

20
Q

What is the lens?

A

A transparent, biconvex structure of the eye that refracts (bends) light rays and whose strength can be adjusted to accommodate for vision at different distances

21
Q

What is the vitreous humor and what does it do?

A

A semifluid, jelly-like substance located in the larger posterior (rear) cavity between the lens and retina; is important in maintaining the spherical shape of the eyeball

22
Q

What is the aqueous humor and what does it do?

A

The clear, watery fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye; provides nourishment for the cornea and lens

23
Q

Why are there no blood vessels in the cornea and lens

A

Because they would impede the passing of light to photoreceptors

24
Q

What is the ciliary body?

A

The portion of the eye that produces aqueous humour and contains the ciliary muscle

25
Q

What is refraction?

A

The convex shape of the cornea and lens that bends light inwards

26
Q

What are the two muscles around the pupil?

A
  1. Circular (constrictor)

2. Radial (dilator)

27
Q

What happens when the radial muscle (dilator) opens up the pupil, and when does this happen?

A

It increases the number of photons admitted and this is good for dim light

28
Q

Which of the constrictor or dilator responds to the para and what one responds to the symp?

A

Para-Constrictor

Symp-Dilator

29
Q

What does creates a clearer image a large or small pupil in clear light?

A

Small

30
Q

What is a sign of arousal with regards to the eye?

A

Dilated pupil

31
Q

What structures direct light to the retina?

A

Cornea and lens

32
Q

What part of the eye is the basis for eye scanning?

A

The iris

33
Q

What is a light ray?

A

The forward movement of light in a particular direction

34
Q

What is refraction?

A

The bending of a light ray

35
Q

Do convex and concave lens’ diverge or converge rays and what is found in the eye?

A

Convex-Converge
Concave-Diverge

The lens of the eye is convex

36
Q

What is astigmatism?

A

A defect in the eye or lens caused by a deviation from spherical curvature, resulting in distorted images, as light rays are prevented from meeting at a common focus

37
Q

What is accommodation?

A

The ability to adjust the strength of the lens in the eye so that both near and far sources can be focused on the retina

38
Q

What is the ciliary muscle?

A

A circular ring of smooth muscle within the eye whose contraction increases the strength of the lens to accommodate for near vision

39
Q

What are the 2 main components of the ciliary body and what are their functions?

A
  1. Ciliary muscle-Strengthen lens

2. Capillary network-Produces aqueous humor

Physiology 214 (12 decks)

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