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Outpatient Rehabilitation Quiz > W4: Cervical Spine Anatomy > Flashcards

W4: Cervical Spine Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the shape of a cervical vertebrae body?

A

Small & Oval

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2
Q

Which vertebrae lacks a body?

A

C1

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3
Q

What feature is on the body of C2?

A

The dens

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4
Q

Shape of the cervical vertebral foramen?

A

Triangular

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5
Q

How are the vertebrae of the spinous process of cervical vertebrae shaped?

A

Short and Bifid

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6
Q

Why are the spinous process bifid on cervical vertebrae?

A

It is bifid becauseit develops from two separate secondary centres of ossification.

This increases surface area for muscle attachment (also allows ligament nuchae to run through)

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7
Q

Cervical articular facets are what shape?

Which direction do the superior and inferior facets face?

A

Flat & oval

Superior = backward, upward and slightly medial (BUM)

Inferior = Forward, downward and slightly laterally (FDL)

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8
Q

Role of the nuchal ligaments

A

Limits forward flexion of the head and cervical spine

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9
Q

What vertebrae allows rotation?

A

C1 (Atlas) & C2 (Axis)

C1 and C2 form a unique set of articulations that provide a great degree of mobility for the skull. C1 is where the skull rests upon and articulates in a pivot joint with the dens or odontoid process of C2

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10
Q

What percentage of flexion/extension happens between the occiput and C1?

A

50%

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11
Q

What percentage of rotation happens between C1 & C2?

A

50%

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12
Q

The cervical vertebrae is much more ….. than the thoracic or lumbar regions in the spine

A

Mobile

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13
Q

What feature does the cervical vertebrae have that are not present in the lumbar or thoracic?

A

Transverse foramina in each vertebrae for the vertebral arteries that supply blood to the brain

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14
Q

The nuchal ligament attaches to the spinous process of….

A

C2 to C7 (and to the posterior tubercle of the atlas)

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15
Q

How can you find the palpation spot for C6/C7?

A

Passively flex and extend neck  C6 moves in and out, C7 remains stationary

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16
Q

Facet joints can be found ….. - ….. laterally from the spinous process (felt as a hard-bony mass under fingers

A

1.3-2.5cm

17
Q

Signs and symptoms of Vertebrobasilar insufficiency?

A

5Ds and 3Ns…,

  • Dizziness
  • Diplopia
  • Dysarthria
  • Dysphagia
  • Drop attacks
  • Nystagmus
  • Nausea
  • Numbness
18
Q

Cardiovascular risk factors of VBI?

A

The patient may have cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, elevated cholesterol and smoking.

19
Q

What is the positional test for VBI?

A

Sustained rotation in sitting

20
Q

Most common age group for VBI?

A

Characteristically seen in older patients over 65.

It can occur in younger people or as a feature of vertebral artery dissection.

21
Q

What are the superficial neck muscles? *3

A
  • Trapezius
  • Splenius capitis & cervicis
  • Semispinalis capitis & cervicis
22
Q

What are the deep neck muscles? *5

A

Rectus capitus posterior major
Rectus capitus posterior minor
Superior oblique
Inferior oblique
Levator scapulae

23
Q

Where does the sternocleidomastoid sit and what is its role?

A

A prominent muscle on the side of the neck, extending from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid process of the temporal bone, important for rotating and flexing the head.

24
Q

Position & role of the rectus capitis posterior minor?

A

A small muscle connecting the atlas (C1) to the occipital bone, helping to extend the head.

25
Q

Position & role of the rectus capitis posterior major

A

A larger muscle from the axis (C2) to the occipital bone, also involved in head extension and rotation

26
Q

Position & role of the obliquus capitus superior

A

A muscle running from the superior surface of transverse process of atlas (first cervical vertebra) to the superior and inferior nuchal lines on the external surface of occipital bone, involved in extension of neck.

26
Q

Position & role of the obliquus capitis inferior?

A

A muscle running from the axis (C2) to the atlas (C1), involved in rotating the head.

27
Q

Anterior superficial neck muscles?

A
  • Sternocleidomastoid
  • Scalene: anterior, middle & posterior
28
Q

Deep anterior neck muscles

A

Rectus capitus anterior
Rectus capitus lateralis
Longus capitus
Longismus colli

29
Q

Origin and insertion of the scaleni?

A

Transverse processes c2-c7- to first and second rib

30
Q

Prevalence of cervical ribs? Where do they attach?

A

Cervical ribs tend to occur in approximately 0.5 to 1% of the population. They are commonly attached to the seventh cervical vertebra.

It’s not usually a problem, but if it presses on nearby nerves and blood vessels, it can cause neck pain, numbness in the arm and other symptoms. This is known as thoracic outlet syndrome.

31
Q

The movement at the following joint permits a person to look towards the right or left :
A. Atlanto-occipital joint
B. Atlanto-axial joint
C. C2-C3 joint
D. C3-C4 joint

A

Atlanto axial joint?

32
Q

The hyoid bone is at what level?
a) C2 vertebra
b) C3 vertebra
c) C4 vertebra
d) C5 vertebra
e) C6 vertebra

A

B) C3 vertebrae

33
Q

Regarding the cervical spine, which is TRUE?
a) all seven cervical vertebrae have spinous processes
b) rotatory movements of the head occur mostly at the atlanto-occipital joints
c) the odontoid process (peg) is encased by a bony canal in the axis
d) all seven cervical vertebrae have foramina transversaria for the vertebral artery to pass through it
e) spinous processes, where present, are all bifid except for C7

A

C) the odontoid process (peg) is encased by a bony canal in the axis

34
Q

For sternocleidomastoid, which is TRUE?
a) contraction of one muscle rotates the head to the ipsilateral shoulder
b) it is crossed superficially by the external jugular vein
c) it is supplied by the transverse cervical nerve
d) its clavicular fibres mainly insert into the superior nucal line
e) it is superficial to the deep cervical fascia

A

B) it is crossed by the external jugular vein

35
Q

The seventh cervical vertebra
a. Is typical
b. Has a bifid spinous process
c. Transmits the vertebral artery through the foramen in the transverse process
d. Has the supra-pleural membrane attached to the anterior tubercle
e. Has a short spinous process

A

E) Has a short spinous process

*this is false - C7 has a short spinous process which is longer than those the other cervical vertebrae

36
Q
  1. The atlas
    a. Has no foramen in the transverse process
    b. Is the narrowest cervical vertebra
    c. Has a body
    d. Has a posterior arch grooved by the vertebral artery
    e. Has a short spinous process
A

D) has a posterior arch grooved by the vertebral artery

Outpatient Rehabilitation Quiz (13 decks)

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