W3D1 Flashcards
Who said that at birth, the origins of cognition are very minimal: we start with just reflexes?
Jean Piaget
Did Piaget think that development of logical thought is quantitative or qualitative?
Qualitative.
Why did Piaget think infants have no object permanence?
When he put an object in front of a toy, they appeared to think the object had disappeared.
What’s error that that infants make in the ‘A not B’ test?
They reach for the blanket where the towel has been found before, not where it was last hidden.
Do babies still make a A-not-B error when they see the object through transparent boxes?
Yes.
The experiment with transparent boxes showed that the babies may not lack object permanence, but instead, struggle with __________
motor control.
When things are out of sight, 3 month olds are ________ when two solid objects go through each other.
surprised
How do they know that babies are surprised when a solid object appears to pass through another solid object?
Infants will gradually spend less time looking at an event that obeys the laws of physics. They become habituated.
But they will look for longer at something that is out of ordinary.
In the experiment with the cube and the line, what happened when the babies saw two separate lines instead of just one?
They’d look at it longer and become dishabituated.
What was the significance of the baby object perception test with the cube and the line?
4-month-old infants perceive objects like adults.
What are the laws of physics that infants know?
- Object permanence/continuity
- Solidity
- Cohesion
- Support (stacking things on top of one another)
Habituation is a type of _________
learning.
Infants have less robust dishabituation if _________
brain-damaged, low-birth weight, younger.
Speed of habituation and robustness of dishabituation correlate with ________________
greater IQ in childhood & adolescence.
Which type of reinforcement produces robust responding that is more resistant to extinction? Intermittent or continuous?
Intermittent.
How can you change behavior through operant conditioning?
Through reinforcement and punishment.
What proves that you can’t learn merely through operant conditioning? That you can’t learn to associate ANY two things equally easily?
The Garcia Effect
What is an example of the Garcia Effect?
A rat can associate taste and nausea easily, but can’t with taste and shock.
After rats get sick, they selectively avoided what they had ________, not what they had ____ or ____ at the time.
Eaten, seen or heard.
What is an example of imprinting?
Ducklings will follow the first thing they feel, like their mother.
In the rational interference test with colored balls, what if the experimenter’s eyes were open, and the sample doesn’t match what’s in the box?
Infants infer that the woman has a color preference.
In the rational interference test with colored balls, infants took longer when the ratio in the box ___________________
doesn’t match the sample.
