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2700 > W3: The first two years: INFANT > Flashcards

W3: The first two years: INFANT Flashcards

1
Q

TODAY’S DISCUSSION

A

Physical
Sensory
Perceptual
Cognitive
Sensorimotor
Language
Social
Personality

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2
Q

Physical changes

A

first-year
-grow 25-30cm
-triple body weight

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3
Q

Physical: the brain

A

2 year-olds have proportionately larger heads as they need to hold their nearly full-sized brain

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4
Q

synaptogenesis

A

(creation of synapses) - is followed by a period of synaptic pruning(the process by which extra neurons and synaptic connections are eliminated in order to increase the efficiency of neuronal transmissions.) to make the nervous system more efficient
-(think of pruning as a throwing all the bad prunes Husein left out on the counter to make space for the good ones…the more important ones)

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5
Q

neuroplasticity

A

the brain’s ability to reorganize neural pathways and connections

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6
Q

myelinization

A

myelin gradually covers individual axons and electrically insulates them from one another- improving conductivity
-the abillity to think and process (so infants can learn on things)

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7
Q

REFLEXES
(1)Adaptive

A

-sucking-helps newborns survive (if cant suck they cant eat)
-some adaptive reflexes persist throughout life
-sucking on bottle to sucking on thumb to sucking on stripper’s tits

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8
Q

(2)Primitive reflexes
🧠

A

-controlled by primitive parts of the brain
-disappear by about 6 months (think of wooly mammoth (6) since it is extinct

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9
Q

REFLEXES
(1)Rooting
👄🌱🏔

A

a soft touch on the cheek will cause an infant to turn toward the touch and open the mouth - disappears by about 3 months
-think of roots (touch venus fly trap and then it will open its mouth)

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10
Q

REFLEXES
(2)Babinski
🦶🏼😂

A

stroking the sole of the foot causes the infants toes to fan out and up - disappears by about 12 months (think of helsinki getting hit in the face by a dozen of eggs)
-think of helsinki when he was a baby nirobi would tickle his feet and his toes fan out and up and he would laugh

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11
Q

REFLEXES
(5)Moro📢,🧨🏗⭐️

A

sudden noise or loss of support causes the infant to arch the back and throw the arms and legs out and then bring them back in

  • disappears after 4-5 months (there are 4 words in moro and 5 points on a star)
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12
Q

Why the Moro reflex?👶🏼🛎👧⛑

A

It is hypothesized that it is to help the baby cling to the mother (safety reflex)

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13
Q

Behavioural States
😳
-neonates 80
-8 through night
-6 14

A

-consciousness:patterns of sleep/wakefulness STABILIZE with age
- neonates(0-28 days) sleep 80% of the time
-by 8 weeks, babies will begin to sleep through the night
-by 6 months, babies are sleeping about 14 hours a day

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14
Q

CRIES
basic cry=h
angry cry=l,i
pain cry= v a o
-mountain

A

CRIES
basic cry= hunger (I’m basically hungry -rhythmic)
anger cry=louder and more intense
pain cry= very abrupt onset
prompt attention to crying in the first 3 months leads to less crying later ( also think of 3 since there are three cries bap

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14
Q

Motor Development
1 Month
-(one space to another)locomotor:🦿
-(body stays in the same place but rotates either the horizontal or vertical axis) non-locomotor:💆‍♂️🥕👀
(deals w hands) manipulative: 🎾 👋

A

locomotor: stepping reflex
non-locomotor: lifts head slightly and follows objects with eyes
manipulative: holds object if placed in hand (wont really grab

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15
Q

2-3 Months
locomotor
non-locomotor: s⦝
manipulative:💳

A

locomotor: stepping reflex (same as 1 month)
non-locomotor: lifts head up to 90 degrees when lying on stomach staring at duck on pyramid

manipulative: holds object if placed in hand (swipe at objects in sight such as duck and triangle based pyramid)

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16
Q

4-6 months ▪️🐘
-locomotor - 🐶🪑🦞(lil ski song)
-non-locomotor-💆‍♂️🐘🪑
-manipulation-🎾👋🏿🧑🏿‍🦱

A

-locomotor - rolls over, sits with support, moves on hands and knees (creeps)
-non-locomotor-holds head erect while in sitting position
-manipulation- reaching and grasping for objects

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17
Q

7-9 Months ( drill(7)+ 2 screws)
-locomotor - 🪑🧨🏗
-non-locomotor-
-manipulation-🤚🔨✋

A

-locomotor - sits with no support
-non-locomotor-💆‍♂️🐘🪑 same as 4-6 months
-manipulation-transfer object from one hand to another

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18
Q

10-12 Months (fork and plate (10) dozen of eggs (12)
-locomotor🛌🦍🐒….🦍…
-non-locomotor: sq+st🐒,✋🍰
-manipulative:🥄✊🏻,poor🎯

A

-locomotor: pulls self up and walks grasping furniture- then walks alone
-non-locomotor: squats and stoops, plays patty cake
-manipulative: shows some signs of hand preference, grasps a spoon but has poor aim when moving to mouth

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19
Q

13-18 Months (tities (13) dick (18)
-locomotor:🚶‍♂️<->b,s,r (to th
-non-locomotor:🎾👏
-manipulative:⬛️🥡🦖
🟦

A

-locomotor-walks backwards, sideways and runs (14-20 mos)
-non-locomotor: Rolls ball, claps
-manipulative: stack blocks, putting things in container and emptying them out

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19
Q

19-24 Months (golf and insigne)
-locomotor - 📈📉🚶‍♂️2f/s for b
-non-locomotor - 🐸
-manipulative - 🥄✊🏻,🟦
⬛️
⬛️
⬛️

A

-locomotor - walks up and down stairs (two feet per step) for balance
-non-locomotor - jumps with both feet off ground
-manipulative - uses spoon to feed self, stacks 4-10 blocks (apparently Italy is stacked)

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20
Q

Universal
-virtually ___ children follow the ____ sequence of motor development
-_______ ____ children just follow at a slower pace

A

virtually all children follow the same sequence of motor development-
developmentally delayed children just follow at a slower pace

21
Q

GIRLS

A

girls ahead in motor skills in infancy and specifically manipulative
-think of no how to motor(move) man (penis)

22
Q

BOYS

A

have more developmental delays (like double d tits)
typically more active (tity fucking a girl)

23
Q

BREAST IS BEST
–breastmilk is the best form of infant ______;
- breastfeeding should be done for the first ______ months up to ______(for antibody transport-immune support)
-breastfed babies are ___ ____ to suffer from common illnesses as it stimulates better ____ _____
-mother-infant ______ appear to be _____ if ____-___ babies are given the same maternal attention
-Some women are not comfortable they may have inverted nipples (they should say fed is best)
-who recommendations are universal

A

–breastmilk is the best form of infant nutrition;
- breastfeeding should be done for the first 4-6 months up to 2yrs (
-breastfed babies are less likely to suffer from common illnesses as it stimulates better immune functioning
-mother-infant social interactions appear to be identical if formula-fed babies are given the same maternal attention (breast can be. one way to achieve bonding but can acheive it with formula as well)
-Some women are not comfortable they may have inverted nipples
–who recommendations are universal

24
Q

Breast feeding can be natural and painful
NATURAL:
PAIN:

A

NATURAL:the narrative around breastfeeding is that it is natural and it does not hurt
PAIN: the reality - which researchers are trying to encourage health care professionals to acknowledge- is that it can be painful- typically for the first two weeks with the pain then subsiding can lead to(cracked, bleeding nipples, blocked milk ducks)
-they are leaving it as natural because they dont want women to be discouraged to breast feed
-if it was really a fear of pain then we would not be here (CHILD BIRTH HURTS MORE)

25
Q

infant mortality has been declining:
___/1000 in 1901 to _/1000 in 2006

because of

A

134/1000 in 1901 to 5/1000 in 2006
-precision medicine
-ensuring there are trained professionals
-understanding of labour delivery

26
Q

SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)
-SIDS is the leading cause of death between __ days and _ year of age
-SIDS is when the infant appears ‘healthy’ but than suddenly dies usually during night time
-unclear why this happens but with advanced technologies and precision medicine, we can find more info about it
-to reduce the risk of SIDS:

A

-SIDS is the leading cause of death between 29 days and 1 year of age
-SIDS is when the infant appears ‘healthy’ but than suddenly dies usually during night time
-unclear why this happens but with advanced technologies and precision medicine, we can find more info about it
to reduce the risk of SIDS
- back to bed campaign(, no bedding, sleeping on hard surfaces, sleep near parents for the first 6 months, smoke free environment

27
Q

Co-sleeping
North America
-
Asia Europe etc.
-

A

North America
-generally frowned upon- risk factor of SIDs
Asia, Europe, etc
-the normative practice ( many cultures continue to practice until 3️⃣ years of age) because etC- is the 3rd letter of the alphabet

28
Q

Sensory what are the 3 categories
Vivid hawk touch moth smells taste it

A

1:vision/hearing
2: Touch/motion
3: Smell/ Taste

29
Q

SENSORY
1. Vision/Hearing

A

-Poor at first but develops rapidly (start to see grey)
-Newborns hear nearly as well as adults
-Infants can locate the direction of some sound at birth 

30
Q

SENSORY
2(Touch/Motion)

A

Best developed of all senses

31
Q

SENSORY:
3. Smell/Taste

A

-Smell has nearly unlimited variations 
-newborns react different to each basic taste at birth

32
Q

Perceptual Skill
The two L’s

A

Looking: Babies scan for dark/light contrast (faces are not uniquely interesting to infants- but prefer mothers face)
-<think of black and white king but don’t find their faces uniquely interesting they prefer moms face (queens card)
Listening:
-by 1 month they can discriminate between single syllables 1:1 (i)
-6 months two syllable words (6:2) (s)
- 3 months recognize sounds regardless who says it

33
Q

Perceptual skills
6months- 📢🇰🇷🇪🇸🇵🇹
1 year-📢🇵🇹

A

At 6 months infants can distinguish sound contrasts in any language
By 1 year old, this ability fades and is limited to the sound contrasts by their native language

34
Q

COGNITIVE
PIAGET- SENSORIMOTOR: infants use information from their sense and motor actions to learn about the world
BY 18-24 months…

A

Cognitive skills changes over the First 2 years and are highly consistent across environments

BY 18-24 months: infant has the beginnings of mental representation (think of mental like metal kobe)

35
Q

Sensorimotor
SIX STAGES
1🐇🦝
2
-PCR
-A o b s a b p t✊🎧👀
-b o c o s f d s
-b s h n l b a t r o o t b
3
-SCR
- b b m a o e o h o b
-I m o
-b t u o p
4
- c o s s
-I m-e b
-b g a w t a I I a m c 2 s (m p t r y)
5
-TCR
-‘e’ b🧪
- I t 🆕 w o p w o m o
6.
-b o m r🧠
- d o t u o s t r o o e
- t c u t t s I s f t o

A

1.
0-1 month
Reflexes
2.
1-4 months
-Primary circular reactions
-Accommodation of basic schemes as baby practises them-grasping, listening, looking
-beginning of coordination of schemes from different senses
-baby still has not linked body actions to results outside of this body
3.
4-8 months
-secondary circular reactions
- baby becomes more aware of events outside his own body
-imitation may occur
-beginning to understand of object permanence
4.
8-12 months
-coordination of secondary schemes
-intentional means-end behaviour
-baby goes after what they are interested in and may combine two schemes (move pillow to reach you)
5.
12-18 months
-Tertiary circular reactions
-‘experimentation’ begins
-infant tries new ways of playing with or manipulating objects
6.
18-24 months
- begging of mental representation
- development of the use of symbols to represent objects or events
- the child understands that the symbol is separate from the object

36
Q

Language
2-3:
4-5:
6:
8-9:

12 months

12-18 months

18-20 months

A

Langauge
2-3: smiling and cooing

4-5: vowel and consonants

6:babbles, utters phonems all language

12
- expressive language emerges, says single words
12-18
-uses word gesture combination with variation in intonation
-(holophrases- word and gesture to form thought)
18-20
-uses two word sentences
-(telegraphic speech)- has expressive vocabulary of 100-200 words

37
Q

What we know … Social/ Personality

A

Freud-Oral
Erickson - Trust vs Mistrust

38
Q

AttachmEnT

A

-Emotional development tied to parent-infant relationship
-theory- View that the ability and need to form an attachment relationship early in life is a genetic characteristics of all humans

39
Q

What are the four types of attachment?
S
A
A
D/D

A

Secure:

Avoidant:

Ambivalent

Disorganized/Disoriented

40
Q

Four types of attachment
1
SECURE
-🤰
-📉😸, 😊🏈

A
  • Mothers are sensitive to infants’ needs
    -infants are less fussy and enjoy physical contact
41
Q

Four types of attachment
2 Avoidance

A

-infant avoids physical contact with parent
-shows no preference for the parent over other people

42
Q

3.Ambivalent
-🐜🗺
-😭🚪👧
-❌🤝👧🛬💺

A

-Little exploratory behaviour (e)
-greatly upset when separated from parent (v)
-not reassured by the parents return or comfort efforts (m)

43
Q

4 Disorganized/Disoriented
-🤷‍♂️ /🍎🔫🎪 🏳️‍🌈 such as 👀🦵👧

A
  • confused or apprehensive infant who shows contradictory behaviour such as moving toward parent while looking away
44
Q

What are the 3 attachment characteristics?
E🥺, men❤️, mar👩‍❤️‍👨/💼

A

-emotional responsiveness
-mental health
-Marital status/ SES

45
Q

Consequences of attachment
-📈🗣+🤝
-📈 ➕in🦁➡️👯‍♀️+👦👦👦👦
-😌👨‍✈️ in🔁 in🏫➕⛪️🏥
-📉🆑+👴 on 👩‍🏫
-📉🏉+🙋‍♂️

A

-more sociable and empathetic
-More positive in behaviour towards friends and siblings 
-emotionally mature in interactions in school and other settings outside the home
-less clinging and dependent on teachers
-less aggressive and disruptive

46
Q

Empathy

A

Go over lecture

47
Q

Personality
A 🏁 of 👨‍🏫 to 🙋‍♂️🙋🏿‍♂️+🅾️ in the 🏞

A

A pattern of responding to people and objects in the environment

48
Q

Temperament
I🧬(🍺🧓🏾) such as 🏃‍♀️🍄 that form the 🧱 of 💁🏾‍♂️

A

Inborn predisposition such as activity level that form the foundations of personality

49
Q

Temperament Dimensions
-🏃🏿‍♀️🍄(v🏋🏿‍♀️vs 🙆🏿‍♂️p)

-Approach➕☺️(🦵➡️🤹‍♀️)

-🔑(😧/🏃‍♂️🆕🐒precursor to🙈

-😔( 😡,😤,🙄📉😫haha don’t test my patients )

-🛂ec/✍️tp( 21 sf, manage a + e)

A

-Activity level ( Vigourous vs passive activity)
-Approach/positive emotionality (move toward new activities-positive emotion)
-Inhibition ( respond with fear or withdrawal to new situations- precursor to shyness)
-negative emotionality (Respond with anger, fussing, or irritability-low threshold for frustration)
-effort control/ task persistence (stay focused and manage attention and effort)

50
Q

Stable
🛕👶🏼➡️👦

A

Temperament in infancy persists through childhood

51
Q

Heredity
👯‍♀️📈🛕 than 👦🏻👦🏽

A

Identical twins are more alike in temperament than fraternal twins

52
Q

Describe the six stages of sensoirmotor by piaget

A

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