W2: Before you were born IN UTERO Flashcards
TODAY’S DISCUSSION
-Before Conception
-Conception
-Pregnancy and Prenatal Development –Issues in Prenatal Development
-Birth and the Neonate
When you were a twinkle in your mothers eye
development trajectories started before you were even a thought
CONCEPTION THE FIRST STAGE
-age of conception is getting higher in Canada
-rates of triplets, quadruplets and quintuples has increased over 230% since the mid 1990s
-AMA is becoming an increasingly common phenomena (35 years plus)
-increased AMA leads to an increase in conception of multiple births, and an increase in the use of assisted human reproductive techniques
- fertility drugs- one of the many assisted human reproductive techniques
- cryopreservation- freezes the embryos created in IVF
- artificial insemination- injects sperm directly into the woman’s uterus
PREGNANCY AND PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT
-Antenatal
-Pregnancy
-Prenatal
-Antenatal: conception to postpartum
-Pregnancy: physical condition in which a woman’s body is nurturing a developing embryo or fetus- 40 weeks
-Prenatal: process that transforms a zygote into a newborn
TRIMESTERS
1.
2.
3.
TRIMESTERS
1.from the zygote implantation to 12 weeks
2.12 to 24 weeks and you begin to feel the fetus moving
3.25 + weeks increased emotional attachment to the fetus
Month 7👀4️⃣🪨🦽
-baby can close/open eyes…weights about 4lb
-if born prematurely (too early) then baby would likely survive with special care
Month 8🍩6️⃣🪨
-your baby is building up body fat, and weights about 6lbs
Month 97️⃣🪨🔞-20📏
baby weights nearly 7lbs and is about 18-20 inches long, 25-100g)
-Preclampsia
-elclampsia
WHAT IS NORMAL DURING PREGNANCY… EVERYTHING AND ANYTHING (MOSTLY)
- add stuff from doc notes
-listen to recording
Age of viability
in Ontario the age of viability is __🏀weeks - the chance of survival is __ in London, Ontario medical intervention starts at __ weeks (depending on the weight of the baby).
23 weeks- 17% survival
24 weeks- 39% survival
25 weeks- 50% survival
26 weeks- 80% survival
27 weeks- 90% survival
28-31 weeks- 90-95% survival
32-33 weeks- 95% survival
34+ weeks- almost as likely as a full term baby
in Ontario the age of viability is 23 weeks - the chance of survival is low in London, Ontario medical intervention starts at 24 weeks (depending on the weight of the baby).
23 weeks- 17% survival
24 weeks- 39% survival
25 weeks- 50% survival
26 weeks- 80% survival
27 weeks- 90% survival
28-31 weeks- 90-95% survival
32-33 weeks- 95% survival
34+ weeks- almost as likely as a full term baby
The prevalence of children and youth with complex care conditions
(1)Prenatal Behaviour
9-12 Weeks 👆✊🥺🤢🫁🧃🍆🏃😴
Prenatal Behaviour
9-12 Weeks
-fingerprints, grasping reflex, facial expressions, swallowing and rhythmic ‘breathing’ of amniotic fluid, urination, genitalia appear, alternating periods of physical activity and rest
(2)Prenatal Behaviour
13-16 Weeks💇♂️🌬💥
812,25100
Prenatal Behaviour
13-16 Weeks
-hair follicles, responds to mother’s voice and loud noises, 8-12 cm long - crown to rump, weights 25-100g
(3)Prenatal Behaviour
17-20 Weeks
🩺🦵💥👀💇🏿♂️💅
Doctor wants to see if baby alive, see:
-heartbeat is detectable with stethoscope 🩺,
-notice kicks 🦵
-turns on light to see if eyes are responsive,they are 💥
-sees lanugo, eyebrows, finger nails 💇🏿♂️💅
(4)Prenatal Behaviour
21-24 Weeks (21 needs oil to protect face tattoo
v🛢,🫁s,
-___ (oily substance) protects skin,
- lungs produce ____ (vital to respiratory function),
-___ becomes possible
24 vitality becomes possible
Prenatal Behaviour
21-24 Weeks
-vernix (oily substance) protects skin,
-lungs produce surfactant (vital to respiratory function), viability becomes possible
(5)Prenatal Behaviour
25-28 Weeks (date of Nonna bday recognize mothers voice
🌬🏃👾
(5)Prenatal Behaviour
25-28 Weeks
recognition of mother’s voice, regular periods of rest and acitvity, good chance of surival if born now
(6)Prenatal Behaviour
-28-32 Weeks
🚀📈 weed stocks 28 in an o,🤰🏼🦠,32 🍩
28-32 Weeks
very rapid growth, antibodies acquired from mother, fat deposited under skin
(7)Prenatal Behaviour
33-36 Weeks (michael friends with dima charra
-like how mike did 🫁(mike doesn’t smoke)
(7)Prenatal Behaviour
33-36 Weeks
movement to head-down position for birth, lungs mature
(8)Prenatal Behaviour
37+ Weeks
full-term status
FEMALE FETUSES😿💥🚀💀
FEMALE FETUSES
-more sensitive to external stimulation
-advance more rapidly in skeletal development
MALE FETUSES🏃🦠😵🏳️🌈
-more ____ active in utero and _____ to all kinds of prenatal problems
-more likely to be spontaneously ___ and have birth _____
MALE FETUSES
-more physical active in utero and vulnerable to all kinds of prenatal problems
-more likely to be spontaneously aborted and have birth defects
A MOTHER’S VOICE
NEWBORNS APPEAR TO REMEMBER STIMULI FROM THE WOMB
research from Queen’s University exposed full- term fetuses to either their mother’s voice or a stranger’s voice and in both cases the same poem was read and the fetuses demonstrated a significantly different heart rate pattern in response to:
the poem read by their mother (heart rate ____)increased vs stranger (heart rate _____)
Summary heartbeat increases more when hears mothers voice compared to stranger
ISSUES IN PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT
(1)Genetic Disorders:
-ad (H xf)
-ar (sc cf)
-sl r (r-g cb, mft)
ISSUES IN PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT
(1)Genetic Disorders:
-autosomal dominant disorders (i.e. Huntington’s disease, extra fingers)
-autosomal recessive disorders (i.e. sickle-cell, cystic fibrosis); Sex-linked recessive disorders (i.e.red-green color blindness, missing front teeth)
ISSUES IN PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT
(2)Chromosomal Errors:
-t (x3-21)
-a w s c (T s)
-trisomy (three copies- i.e. Down Syndrome)
- anomalies with sex chromosomes (Turner’s syndrome)
ISSUES IN PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT
(3)Teratogens
-maternal disease- deviations in prenatal development steaming from teratogens (agents/conditions causing damage to the fetus- cognitive anomalies)
- greatest risk is in the first 8 weeks because this is when most organs develop rapidly
What are some examples of Teratogens?
(1) Obesity
Immediate risk: Gianpalo pours sauce and clears appetizer
Future risk for mom: hd,ht
Future risk for child:hd,o
immediate risk includes
gestational diabetes,
preeclampsia,
stillbirth,
and congenital
abnormalities
future risk include for the mother heart disease and hypertension and for the child obesity and heart disease
What are some examples of Teratogens?
(2)Alcohol
-lead cause of dd 🦽
- distinctive ff 👹
-growth problems 🐜
- problems w baa🤰🏼
Fetal Alcohol syndrome which is the leading cause of developmental disabilities in children and also causes distinctive facial features, growth problems (smaller), and problems bonding/attachment
What are some examples of Teratogens?
(3)Smoking
B4,⬇️🪨, bd🦠👄,💥🧠🫁
Increase risk of sid the science kid (during ppp)
-preterm birth, low birth weight, birth defects of the mouth/lip and increased risk of SIDS (if smoking during the postpartum period) smoking can also damage the fetuses brain and lung devleopment
What are some examples of Teratogens?
(4)Marijuana
D-small d
I-😵💫
H-🚀😭
H-🧁🏃
Marijuana
◦ Developmental problems during adolescence
◦ Inattention
◦ Higher rate of depression
◦ Hyperactivity
What are some examples of Teratogens?
(5)Depression
M-🤰🏿
I -🚀ppt d👩👧
L- lbr
P
◦ Miscarriage,
◦ Increase risk of postpartum depression which has implications for bonding
◦ Low birth rate
◦ Preterm birth
What are some examples of Teratogens?
(6)Anxiety
Frank
changes
low
Levels
Preterm birth /low birth weight: What is the big deal?
* preterm life long affects such as
Clare Copies poor behaviour
-◦ Cerebral palsy
◦ Cognitive, visual, and hearing impairment
◦ Poor health and growth
◦ Behavioural and social-emotional problems
-negative effects on mental and motor development and growth at 9 months to 2 years of age
the effects on physical and mental development seems to lessen over time but the growth effects do not
TYPES OF CARE
-Prenatal Care
Health of mother: bp,u,wg, sometimes bw
Health of baby:huf
Prenatal Care
- health of mother : blood pressure, urine, weight gain, sometimes blood work
- health of baby : heart beat, uterus growth , fetal movement
Intrapartum Care
labour and delivery
Postpartum Care
generally from birth to 6-8 weeks
OB
-twins, high risk pregnancies, high risk deliveries or if you want an epidural as well as normal healthy babies, usually at hospitals bc high risk, usually take all cases
MIDWIFE
normal single baby deliveries- birth can be done at home or at the hospital, low risk pregnancies
BIRTH LOCATION
In London you have two choices…
-Hospital
OB or Midwife in the birth suites (complete with a bed, a tub, a yoga ball, and all medical equipment)
-Home birth
Midwife (complete with all the comforts of home and all the medical equipment of a rural hospital)
HOME BIRTH… WHO DOES IT AND IS IT SAFE?
9% of first time moms plan a home birth and 21% of second time moms
only offered to women with no risk factors and
spontaneous labors
research indicates that low risk women have at least as
good, if not better, outcomes than low risk women having hospital births.
WHY WOULD
YOU HAVE A
HOME BIRTH? ARE THESE MOMS WEIRD?
belief in normal, physiological nature of labor and birth wish to have minimal intervention during their labor wish to labor without pain medication
wish to have a private birth with minimal interruptions wish to be in a known, clean comfortable environment prefer to have care providers drive to them
concerns about quick labors and roadside births wish to have a water birth
wish to use aromatherapy during labor
fear of hospitals/negative hospital experiences
Home birth who does it and is it safe?
• noisy, sick people, stressed area
• Midwives only provide birth support to individuals who have low risk normal pregnancy
• OB take all cases
• They do it home because believe pregnancy is normal and natural and don’t want to have interventions, they want labour without pain medications, want to have a private birth, want a cool comfortable environment, they want them to come them, cant use aeromotheraoy in hospital, someone may be afraid of hospitals
Four Stages of Labor
1.
-muscles of the uterus start to tighten (contract) and then relax these contractions help to thin (efface) and open (dilate) the cervix so the baby can pass through the birth canal
Four Stages of Labor
2.
the cervix is dilated completely (10 cm) and the baby is born
Four Stages of Labor
3.
this stage occurs after the baby is born you have contractions until the placenta is delivered
Four Stages of Labour
4.
this is the first few hours after birth (breastfeeding etc)
ensure the mother is ok and her uterus contracts to stop bleeding
PROCESS OF BIRTH
three stages
-during the process of birth some babies go into fetal distress (sudden change in fetal heart rate)
-anoxia (oxygen deprivation) can result in death or brain damage
-after birth most women require a period of a month or so to recover (cap about 10 months)
WHAT WE KNOW…
-the health of the fetus is impacted long before conception right up until delivery (and beyond) the health influences include
emotional, behavioral, physical, and motor- with long lasting effects
• Low birth rate and very low birthdate
◦ Negative effects on mental and motor development (lessen over time)
◦ and growth at 9 months to 2 years of age (growth doesn’t lessen)
• Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) : born less than 2.3 pounds
• Very low birth rate (VLBR): less than 3.9 pounds
• Low birth rate (LBW) less than 5.5
• Normal 5.8-8.13 (average birth rate is 8.7) babies are getting bigger because obesity, we all do c sections not worry about big babies
◦ High birth rate and low birth rate have medical conditions associated with it
• Low birth rate and very low birthdate
◦ Negative effects on mental and motor development (lessen over time)
◦ and growth at 9 months to 2 years of age (growth doesn’t lessen)
• Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) : born less than 2.3 pounds
• Very low birth rate (VLBR): less than 3.9 pounds
• Low birth rate (LBW) less than 5.5
• Normal 5.8-8.13 (average birth rate is 8.7) babies are getting bigger because obesity, we all do c sections not worry about big babies
◦ High birth rate and low birth rate have medical conditions associated with it
