W3 immunization Flashcards
immunization
process by which resistance to infectous disease is induced or augmented
immunity
possessing antibody in order to not get infection again
antigen
antibody
- antigen-disease or toxin that induces immune response. they are also called immunogenicity and are composed of protein or polysaccharides (bacteria and viruses are both considered antigens)- they can gave multiple antigens
- antibodies are produced to fight infection and maintain immunity
what is an immune response
either cellular immune system- tcells
or humoral immune system-bcells
will be activated and defend and create memory cells
cellular immune system
t cells activated- produce lymphokine and memory cells
destroys cancer cells or foreign cells like protozoa fungi or tb – VIRUS infected CELLS
humoral immune system
Bcells activated-produce antibodies (igM) then memory cells (igG)
antibody from b cells are proteins known as GAMMA GLOBULINS and there are two types igG and igM
igM
immunoglobulin M first and largest antibody and it stays in the blood and it is present during current and recent exposure
igG
immunoglobulin G long lasting a memory cell and it is produced after igM and it is from Past exposure and it remains in the body for a long time it is a major part of humoral immunity
what type of cells make antibodies
primary b cells or lymphocytes
b lymphocyte
lymphocyte is activated and it creates plasma cells (produce antibodies) and memory cells. the first exposure it takes a week to create antibodies (you are sick) the second exposure is fast because memory cells stick around.
factors that effect immunization
- indvidual differences- inheritance, disease already, general health
- site of injection-must be muscle not fat- stay in fat
- immunization product-improve antibody response no adverse rx
- product failure qc
2 general types of immunity
innate- we have because we are human you can’t get the dog flu unless ur in close proximity and it mutates to humans- swine flu
acquired- immunity acquired due to getting it and living through it
types of acquired immunity
- naturally acquired-have disease or from mothers breast milk or transfer to fetus
- artificially acquires-antigen administered to induce immunity
- active immunity-exposed to ANTIGEN so your body makes memory cells and you are continuously immune to disease (for long period of time)–vaccine
- passive immunity- you are given antibodies rather than antigen that fight infection for you -so its for treatment or short term care –injected with immune globulins antitoxins
vaccine
suspension of virus or bacteria altered so it does not cause disease but it induces immune response not pathogenic but antigenic
toxoid
attract bacteria exotoxin and make it not toxic its antigenic not pathogenic so it innitiates immune response. – used for diphtheria(strep throat) and tetanus
a chemically modified toxin from a pathogenic microorganism, which is no longer toxic but is still antigenic and can be used as a vaccine.
how are is passive immunity created
they are preformed antibodies and they are grown in a cow or a horse or human. disease treatment is short term
immunity of a person injected with a tetanus immunoglobulin is considered what?
artificially acquired passive immunity
general immunization procedures
neonate 2 months protected by mothers antibodies (at this point they have the same level of protection as mother)
2 months infant immunized.
rubella
german measles that starts on face and spreads its a rash.
cross placenta during pregnancy, and causes fetus abnormalities, congenital still births or spontaneous abortions and defects the vaccine is given along with mumps and measles
prevent fetal infections and birth defects and people are vaccinated to eliminate virus reservoir
hepatitis
hep b transmuted to patient to healthcare worker through blood saliva semen and vaginal fluidALL HEALTHCARE WORKEERS IMMUNIZED
-injected in deltoid upper arm
-2 doses one month apart then 3rd 6 months down the road
-protective level after third dose
-anti hep b surface antibodies and anti b=hbs are used after blood or mucous membrane exposure and must be given within 24 hours
also used to treat infants with mothers who have hep b
chicken pox
varicella zoster in herpes groupe
incubation period is about 3 weeks and you can contract it directly or indirectly
streptococcus pyogenes is dangerous because it is a flesh eating disease that can get in lesions of chicken pox
cellular immune system in response to tuberculin bacteria
incubation period weeks- months
cellular immune system stimulated, and produces lymphokines which result in inflammation and activate cells that wall off organisms to keep it from spreading
how tb spreads
- direct-cough sputum in air and ppl inhale
2.droplet nuclei- greatest danger GREATEST DANGER THIS IS DANGEROUS they are microscopic particles that travel farther than one meter, gets in lung and ur dun
so wear a god damn mask n95
patients also need to and they need to be isolated in a negative air pressure room. and the ones that reach the lung multiple slowly it takes 3-6 weeks until cellular immune system is fully activated if the body stops the growth there is no disease.
active case of tb
usually body stops disease, it can become an active case due to poor nutrition crowded living condition or compromised immune system usually from aids.
other 5-10 percent of cases result in active development later in live the endospores become activated when immune system compromised
