W3 immunization

Question 1

immunization

Answer 1

process by which resistance to infectous disease is induced or augmented

Question 2

immunity

Answer 2

possessing antibody in order to not get infection again

Question 3

antigen

antibody

Answer 3

• antigen-disease or toxin that induces immune response. they are also called immunogenicity and are composed of protein or polysaccharides (bacteria and viruses are both considered antigens)- they can gave multiple antigens
• antibodies are produced to fight infection and maintain immunity

Question 4

what is an immune response

Answer 4

either cellular immune system- tcells
or humoral immune system-bcells
will be activated and defend and create memory cells

Question 5

cellular immune system

Answer 5

t cells activated- produce lymphokine and memory cells

destroys cancer cells or foreign cells like protozoa fungi or tb – VIRUS infected CELLS

Question 6

humoral immune system

Answer 6

Bcells activated-produce antibodies (igM) then memory cells (igG)
antibody from b cells are proteins known as GAMMA GLOBULINS and there are two types igG and igM

Question 7

igM

Answer 7

immunoglobulin M first and largest antibody and it stays in the blood and it is present during current and recent exposure

Question 8

igG

Answer 8

immunoglobulin G long lasting a memory cell and it is produced after igM and it is from Past exposure and it remains in the body for a long time it is a major part of humoral immunity

Question 9

what type of cells make antibodies

Answer 9

primary b cells or lymphocytes

Question 10

b lymphocyte

Answer 10

lymphocyte is activated and it creates plasma cells (produce antibodies) and memory cells. the first exposure it takes a week to create antibodies (you are sick) the second exposure is fast because memory cells stick around.

Question 11

factors that effect immunization

Answer 11

1. indvidual differences- inheritance, disease already, general health
2. site of injection-must be muscle not fat- stay in fat
3. immunization product-improve antibody response no adverse rx
4. product failure qc

Question 12

2 general types of immunity

Answer 12

innate- we have because we are human you can’t get the dog flu unless ur in close proximity and it mutates to humans- swine flu
acquired- immunity acquired due to getting it and living through it

Question 13

types of acquired immunity

Answer 13

1. naturally acquired-have disease or from mothers breast milk or transfer to fetus
2. artificially acquires-antigen administered to induce immunity
3. active immunity-exposed to ANTIGEN so your body makes memory cells and you are continuously immune to disease (for long period of time)–vaccine
4. passive immunity- you are given antibodies rather than antigen that fight infection for you -so its for treatment or short term care –injected with immune globulins antitoxins

Question 14

vaccine

Answer 14

suspension of virus or bacteria altered so it does not cause disease but it induces immune response not pathogenic but antigenic

Question 15

toxoid

Answer 15

attract bacteria exotoxin and make it not toxic its antigenic not pathogenic so it innitiates immune response. – used for diphtheria(strep throat) and tetanus

a chemically modified toxin from a pathogenic microorganism, which is no longer toxic but is still antigenic and can be used as a vaccine.

Question 16

how are is passive immunity created

Answer 16

they are preformed antibodies and they are grown in a cow or a horse or human. disease treatment is short term

Question 17

immunity of a person injected with a tetanus immunoglobulin is considered what?

Answer 17

artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 18

general immunization procedures

Answer 18

neonate 2 months protected by mothers antibodies (at this point they have the same level of protection as mother)
2 months infant immunized.

Question 19

rubella

Answer 19

german measles that starts on face and spreads its a rash.
cross placenta during pregnancy, and causes fetus abnormalities, congenital still births or spontaneous abortions and defects the vaccine is given along with mumps and measles
prevent fetal infections and birth defects and people are vaccinated to eliminate virus reservoir

Question 20

hepatitis

Answer 20

hep b transmuted to patient to healthcare worker through blood saliva semen and vaginal fluidALL HEALTHCARE WORKEERS IMMUNIZED
-injected in deltoid upper arm
-2 doses one month apart then 3rd 6 months down the road
-protective level after third dose
-anti hep b surface antibodies and anti b=hbs are used after blood or mucous membrane exposure and must be given within 24 hours
also used to treat infants with mothers who have hep b

Question 21

chicken pox

Answer 21

varicella zoster in herpes groupe
incubation period is about 3 weeks and you can contract it directly or indirectly
streptococcus pyogenes is dangerous because it is a flesh eating disease that can get in lesions of chicken pox

Question 22

cellular immune system in response to tuberculin bacteria

Answer 22

incubation period weeks- months
cellular immune system stimulated, and produces lymphokines which result in inflammation and activate cells that wall off organisms to keep it from spreading

Question 23

how tb spreads

Answer 23

1. direct-cough sputum in air and ppl inhale
   2.droplet nuclei- greatest danger GREATEST DANGER THIS IS DANGEROUS they are microscopic particles that travel farther than one meter, gets in lung and ur dun
   so wear a god damn mask n95
   patients also need to and they need to be isolated in a negative air pressure room. and the ones that reach the lung multiple slowly it takes 3-6 weeks until cellular immune system is fully activated if the body stops the growth there is no disease.

Question 24

active case of tb

Answer 24

usually body stops disease, it can become an active case due to poor nutrition crowded living condition or compromised immune system usually from aids.
other 5-10 percent of cases result in active development later in live the endospores become activated when immune system compromised

Question 25

symptoms of tb

Answer 25

cough
fever
malaise
weightloss 
bloody sputum
starts in the lungs then moves to other organs and tis can result in death from organ dysfunction

Question 26

TST

Answer 26

tuberculosis skin test
intradermal injection of the tubercle protein and then 48-72 hours later if its positive the skin will be raised and swollen and red a hard limp will form it forms this even for latent bacteria because antibodies are in the blood

Question 27

postive for tst because …

Answer 27

1. active case
2. contact with infected person
3. had an active case in the past
4. immunized against tb