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Infection Control > module 5 > Flashcards

module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the number one strategy for nosocomial control

A

routine practice which is made by CDC and adopted by health canada

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2
Q

IPC

A

infection prevention and control practitioners implement routine practices into health care.

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3
Q

when to use routine practices 5

A
  1. blood
  2. body fluid
  3. mucous membranes
  4. non intact skin
  5. all body fluids except sweat- semen, vaginal, saliva, breast milk, amniotic fluid, CSF, synovial fluid, vomit, faces, sputum.
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4
Q

what is the main use of PPE

A

barrier between patient and HCW

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5
Q

when to use gloves

A
  • blood or body fluids (body or contaminated items)
  • invasive procedure (phlebotomy)
  • testing procedures
  • handling specimens
  • touching mucous membranes non intact skin
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6
Q

when to change gloves

A
  • between procedures and patients
  • when there is an increase of concentration of micro-organisms
  • when soiled or damaged
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7
Q

types of gloves

A

latex(allergies)
vinyl- common
nitrile(allergies)

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8
Q

what to do if risk of penetration

A

double glove

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9
Q

dress code for gloves

A

no rings, short nails, no fake nails, no nail polish

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10
Q

contact dermatitis

A

caused by gloves
breaks in skin can be from latex
staphylococcus aureus in broken skin resulting in nosocomial infections.
-use barrier cream, cotton liners, no powder, and no protein or just switch to vinyl

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11
Q

latex allergy

A 
rash 
hibes 
itch 
respiratory issues : wheezing, cough, chest tightness, asthma 
itchy water eyes
 swelling of face
 anaphylactic shock (rare)
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12
Q

how to make a water proof dressing if there is a skin lesion

A

cause covered in part of glove (latex or vinyl) and then water resistant tape is used

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13
Q

when to use mask

A
  • splashes
  • aerosols
  • protect patient form respiratory tract secretions
  • patient wear usually during transport
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14
Q

PRPD

A

personal respiratory protection device

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15
Q

surgical mask

A
  • cover snuggly over mouth and nose
  • filter less than 50% of inhaled particles due to loose seal,
  • don’t protect against droplet nuclei so no protection from TB or SARS
  • make sure mask is over bridge of nose and under chin, colour side is our, pleats are going downward, and adjust the metal band.
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16
Q

Hepa maks

A

high efficiency particulate air

used for airborne transmission -protects agains tb and sars

  • fit tight
  • no leaks
  • correct size
  • no facial hair
  • need qualification to wear
  • check for leeks
  • disposable or reusable
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17
Q

n95 mask

A

can be used in place of HEPA filter 95% efficiency free of oil 0.3 micron.

-fit tight
-no leaks
-correct size
-no facial hair
-need qualification to wear
-check for leeks
-*disposable
*not oil resistant
there is an exhalation valve so patients or sick people can’t wear because a virus like SARS would be pushed into environment.

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18
Q

fit test for N95

A

done to ensure there are no leaks, and if you gain weight or lose weight (face shape changes) you need to do a new test.
mask is attached to tube and machine salt is then released anti tests if you’ve inhaled salt

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19
Q

when to use glasses

A

when blood or body fluids may splash into eye

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20
Q

goggles

A

surround eye have plastic strap

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21
Q

safety glasses or goggles

A

impact protection, do protect against splashes but not as well as safety glasses or goggles

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22
Q

face shield

A

protect eyes and mouth

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23
Q

glasses

A

can be worn under face shield or safety goggles but can’t be worn with PAPRS

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24
Q

contacts

A

offer no protection but can be worn under eye protection

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25
what do gowns protect against
protect from spaces and spray of body fluids or chemicals
26
what to do if gown is soiled
gloves, hand hygiene then remove gown, undo front waist the before gloves if there is one in the front
27
what is the single most effective way to prevent nosocomial infections
wash hands
28
soap and water hand wash
friction and soap remove the contaminated material from hands
29
when to wash hands 9
- unprotected exposure to body fluids - contaminated equipment - after you take off gloves(unapparent leaks) - tear/leak in gloves - before leaving area - between patients - after bathroom activities - before eating or drinking - begining and end of shift
30
when to use plain soap
general patient care and in non critical areas
31
antimicrobial soap , when to use
chlorhexidine kill and remove bacteria -neonatal, paediatric, adult critical care -operating, delivery surgical, diagnostic testing rooms. -burn unit, dialysis unit, transplant unit, nursery -where antibiotic resistant organisms are present
32
problem with antimicrobial soap
it kills all of the normal flora, resulting in dry and cracked hands and skin lesions which is actually less protective because the skin barrier is broken
33
antiseptic waterless alcohol hand rubs when to use
70% - use when hands not visibly soiled. - designated area
34
when can you not use antiseptic waterless alcohol hand rubs
when gross contamination occurs which would be -visibly soiled-after handling food- after doing personal hygiene-touching chemicals- infectious diarrhea prior to causative agent*CDAD associated bacteria.
35
general spill cleanup with broken glass
decontaminate with bleach soak for 10 minutes, then biohazard bin clean up spill then disinfect, dont want to spread spill
36
blood or body fluid spill
10 minute bleach soak would be 20-30 minutes if body fluid is dry. wear rubber gloves if glass and a face shield if splash.
37
blood or micro culture spill
flood with disinfectant first then remove
38
dried spill
soak do not scratch off-may create aerosols
39
significant exposure
- sharp pierces skin - blood or body fluid gets into mucous membrane (eyes/nose/mouth) - blood into cut (human bite)
40
post exposure protocol what to include in report
- route of exposure - source of blood or fluid - volume of inoculum - time since injury - extent of injury - type and speed of treatment - hep b immunization status
41
what to do if significant exposure occurs
-percutaneous injury(needle stick)-allow to bleed freely- wash with antiseptic then bandage broken skin-wash with antiseptic -mucosal- rinse with water for 15 minutes 1. notify supervisor 2. report to occupational health 3. report to emergency
42
phlebotomy ppe
gown gloves and eye protection
43
respiratory therapist
same as phlebotomy for trauma patients
44
why are isolation procedures used?
minimize possibility of spread of infections - isolate patients with transmissible infections - protect immunodeficient patients
45
transmission based precautions are used when?
patients suspected of having or carrying pathogen that require precautions in addition to routine precautions. *airborne, *droplet *contact depends on:type of disease/treatment/response
46
airborne precautions include
droplet nuclei travel farther than one meter this would be in tb
47
droplet precautions
larger than droplet nuclei and dont travel far -talk cough sneeze
48
contact precautions
direct or indirect
49
HIV precautions
only routine
50
chicken pox precautions
routine contact airborne
51
shingles precautions
routine contact airborne
52
norovirus precautions
routine droplet contact
53
drug resistant precautions
contact | routine
54
mumps precautions
routine droplet contact
55
oral genital herpes precautions
routine
56
hepatitis (not hep a) precautions
routine
57
rubella precautions
routine | droplet
58
rubeola
routine | airborne
59
tb
routine | airborne
60
protective environment
-protect patient who have disease/ treatment that weakens their immune system. or are immunodeficient. -use of routine practice okay for most (PPE) -anyone who's ill (HCW or fam) banned -patient wears mask when leaving room -
61
conditions that result in immunodeficient patient
- chemo - radiotherapy - burn/skin loss - transplant - HIV cd4 count less than 500 - congenital immunodeficiency
62
movement of isolation patient
- only do if absolutely necessary - notify unit or ward - they must wear surgical mask - contact isolation-cover patient in a sheet to cover open woods

Infection Control (7 decks)

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