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Infection Control > module 5 > Flashcards

module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the number one strategy for nosocomial control

A

routine practice which is made by CDC and adopted by health canada

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2
Q

IPC

A

infection prevention and control practitioners implement routine practices into health care.

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3
Q

when to use routine practices 5

A
  1. blood
  2. body fluid
  3. mucous membranes
  4. non intact skin
  5. all body fluids except sweat- semen, vaginal, saliva, breast milk, amniotic fluid, CSF, synovial fluid, vomit, faces, sputum.
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4
Q

what is the main use of PPE

A

barrier between patient and HCW

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5
Q

when to use gloves

A
  • blood or body fluids (body or contaminated items)
  • invasive procedure (phlebotomy)
  • testing procedures
  • handling specimens
  • touching mucous membranes non intact skin
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6
Q

when to change gloves

A
  • between procedures and patients
  • when there is an increase of concentration of micro-organisms
  • when soiled or damaged
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7
Q

types of gloves

A

latex(allergies)
vinyl- common
nitrile(allergies)

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8
Q

what to do if risk of penetration

A

double glove

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9
Q

dress code for gloves

A

no rings, short nails, no fake nails, no nail polish

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10
Q

contact dermatitis

A

caused by gloves
breaks in skin can be from latex
staphylococcus aureus in broken skin resulting in nosocomial infections.
-use barrier cream, cotton liners, no powder, and no protein or just switch to vinyl

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11
Q

latex allergy

A 
rash 
hibes 
itch 
respiratory issues : wheezing, cough, chest tightness, asthma 
itchy water eyes
 swelling of face
 anaphylactic shock (rare)
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12
Q

how to make a water proof dressing if there is a skin lesion

A

cause covered in part of glove (latex or vinyl) and then water resistant tape is used

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13
Q

when to use mask

A
  • splashes
  • aerosols
  • protect patient form respiratory tract secretions
  • patient wear usually during transport
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14
Q

PRPD

A

personal respiratory protection device

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15
Q

surgical mask

A
  • cover snuggly over mouth and nose
  • filter less than 50% of inhaled particles due to loose seal,
  • don’t protect against droplet nuclei so no protection from TB or SARS
  • make sure mask is over bridge of nose and under chin, colour side is our, pleats are going downward, and adjust the metal band.
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16
Q

Hepa maks

A

high efficiency particulate air

used for airborne transmission -protects agains tb and sars

  • fit tight
  • no leaks
  • correct size
  • no facial hair
  • need qualification to wear
  • check for leeks
  • disposable or reusable
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17
Q

n95 mask

A

can be used in place of HEPA filter 95% efficiency free of oil 0.3 micron.

-fit tight
-no leaks
-correct size
-no facial hair
-need qualification to wear
-check for leeks
-*disposable
*not oil resistant
there is an exhalation valve so patients or sick people can’t wear because a virus like SARS would be pushed into environment.

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18
Q

fit test for N95

A

done to ensure there are no leaks, and if you gain weight or lose weight (face shape changes) you need to do a new test.
mask is attached to tube and machine salt is then released anti tests if you’ve inhaled salt

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19
Q

when to use glasses

A

when blood or body fluids may splash into eye

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20
Q

goggles

A

surround eye have plastic strap

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21
Q

safety glasses or goggles

A

impact protection, do protect against splashes but not as well as safety glasses or goggles

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22
Q

face shield

A

protect eyes and mouth

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23
Q

glasses

A

can be worn under face shield or safety goggles but can’t be worn with PAPRS

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24
Q

contacts

A

offer no protection but can be worn under eye protection

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25
Q

what do gowns protect against

A

protect from spaces and spray of body fluids or chemicals

26
Q

what to do if gown is soiled

A

gloves, hand hygiene then remove gown, undo front waist the before gloves if there is one in the front

27
Q

what is the single most effective way to prevent nosocomial infections

A

wash hands

28
Q

soap and water hand wash

A

friction and soap remove the contaminated material from hands

29
Q

when to wash hands 9

A
  • unprotected exposure to body fluids
  • contaminated equipment
  • after you take off gloves(unapparent leaks)
  • tear/leak in gloves
  • before leaving area
  • between patients
  • after bathroom activities
  • before eating or drinking
  • begining and end of shift
30
Q

when to use plain soap

A

general patient care and in non critical areas

31
Q

antimicrobial soap , when to use

A

chlorhexidine
kill and remove bacteria
-neonatal, paediatric, adult critical care
-operating, delivery surgical, diagnostic testing rooms.
-burn unit, dialysis unit, transplant unit, nursery
-where antibiotic resistant organisms are present

32
Q

problem with antimicrobial soap

A

it kills all of the normal flora, resulting in dry and cracked hands and skin lesions which is actually less protective because the skin barrier is broken

33
Q

antiseptic waterless alcohol hand rubs when to use

A

70%

  • use when hands not visibly soiled.
  • designated area
34
Q

when can you not use antiseptic waterless alcohol hand rubs

A

when gross contamination occurs which would be -visibly soiled-after handling food- after doing personal hygiene-touching chemicals- infectious diarrhea prior to causative agent*CDAD associated bacteria.

35
Q

general spill cleanup with broken glass

A

decontaminate with bleach soak for 10 minutes, then biohazard bin
clean up spill then disinfect, dont want to spread spill

36
Q

blood or body fluid spill

A

10 minute bleach soak would be 20-30 minutes if body fluid is dry.
wear rubber gloves if glass and a face shield if splash.

37
Q

blood or micro culture spill

A

flood with disinfectant first then remove

38
Q

dried spill

A

soak do not scratch off-may create aerosols

39
Q

significant exposure

A
  • sharp pierces skin
  • blood or body fluid gets into mucous membrane (eyes/nose/mouth)
  • blood into cut (human bite)
40
Q

post exposure protocol what to include in report

A
  • route of exposure
  • source of blood or fluid
  • volume of inoculum
  • time since injury
  • extent of injury
  • type and speed of treatment
  • hep b immunization status
41
Q

what to do if significant exposure occurs

A

-percutaneous injury(needle stick)-allow to bleed freely- wash with antiseptic then bandage
broken skin-wash with antiseptic
-mucosal- rinse with water for 15 minutes
1. notify supervisor
2. report to occupational health
3. report to emergency

42
Q

phlebotomy ppe

A

gown gloves and eye protection

43
Q

respiratory therapist

A

same as phlebotomy for trauma patients

44
Q

why are isolation procedures used?

A

minimize possibility of spread of infections

  • isolate patients with transmissible infections
  • protect immunodeficient patients
45
Q

transmission based precautions are used when?

A

patients suspected of having or carrying pathogen that require precautions in addition to routine precautions.
*airborne, *droplet *contact
depends on:type of disease/treatment/response

46
Q

airborne precautions include

A

droplet nuclei travel farther than one meter this would be in tb

47
Q

droplet precautions

A

larger than droplet nuclei and dont travel far -talk cough sneeze

48
Q

contact precautions

A

direct or indirect

49
Q

HIV precautions

A

only routine

50
Q

chicken pox precautions

A

routine
contact
airborne

51
Q

shingles precautions

A

routine
contact
airborne

52
Q

norovirus precautions

A

routine
droplet
contact

53
Q

drug resistant precautions

A

contact

routine

54
Q

mumps precautions

A

routine
droplet
contact

55
Q

oral genital herpes precautions

A

routine

56
Q

hepatitis (not hep a) precautions

A

routine

57
Q

rubella precautions

A

routine

droplet

58
Q

rubeola

A

routine

airborne

59
Q

tb

A

routine

airborne

60
Q

protective environment

A

-protect patient who have disease/ treatment that weakens their immune system. or are immunodeficient.
-use of routine practice okay for most (PPE)
-anyone who’s ill (HCW or fam) banned
-patient wears mask when leaving room
-

61
Q

conditions that result in immunodeficient patient

A
  • chemo
  • radiotherapy
  • burn/skin loss
  • transplant
  • HIV cd4 count less than 500
  • congenital immunodeficiency
62
Q

movement of isolation patient

A
  • only do if absolutely necessary
  • notify unit or ward
  • they must wear surgical mask
  • contact isolation-cover patient in a sheet to cover open woods

Infection Control (7 decks)

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